Theory of knowledge. what is epistempptx

What is epistemology, what and how do we know.

1. Theory of Knowledge Dr. Masoud Nassor UNAM Philosophical Analysis

2. Introduction to Big Questions Definition of "Big Questions" in Philosophy: Fundamental, profound inquiries about existence and understanding Transcend specific disciplines Address core aspects of life, reality, knowledge, and existence Significance: Central to philosophical inquiry since ancient times Shape ethical codes, legal systems, educational structures, and cultural narratives

3. What is the Meaning of Life? Philosopher: Thomas Nagel, 1971 Explores the purpose or significance of human existence Approached from religious, existential, and humanistic perspectives Nagel examines subjective and objective views of life What is Reality? Philosopher: George Berkeley, 1710 Addresses the nature of existence and what is fundamentally real Berkeley’s idealism: reality is constructed by perceptions Contrasts with materialist views of a physical world independent of perception

4. How Do We Know What We Know? Philosopher: René Descartes, 1641 Pertains to epistemology, the study of knowledge Descartes’ method of doubt and "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am) Raises issues about the reliability of senses, existence of an external world, and the nature of truth

5. Importance of Big Questions Impact on Ethics, Science, Religion, and Everyday Life: Ethics: Shape ethical theories and practices, influencing laws and social norms Example: Aristotle’s "What is the good life?" affects personal and political decisions Science: Underpin scientific inquiry and methodology Define what constitutes scientific evidence and how scientific truths are validated

6. Religion: Central to religious beliefs and practices Shape rituals, moral codes, and communal life of religious adherents Everyday Life: Influence individual choices, career paths, relationships, and personal philosophies Encourage introspection and pursuit of a coherent, fulfilling life

7. Why Do We Ask These Big Questions? Inherent curiosity and desire to understand our place in the universe Need to make sense of existence, find purpose, and navigate complexities of life Reflective thinking and philosophical inquiry integral to human nature How Have These Questions Shaped Historical and Contemporary Societies? Historical Impact: Socratic questioning, theological doctrines, Enlightenment Contemporary Impact: Modern ethics, science and technology, education Can These Questions Ever Be Fully Answered? Philosophical Perspective: Open-ended and subject to ongoing debate Practical Perspective: Inquiry itself is valuable, promotes continuous learning

8. Understanding Big Questions Fundamental to philosophy and human existence Shaped historical and contemporary societies Influence ethics, science, religion, and everyday life Exploration essential for intellectual growth and pursuit of meaning

9. Questions for Reflection Why do humans seek answers to fundamental questions about life and knowledge? How have big questions influenced major historical events and cultural developments? In what ways can engaging with these questions enrich our personal and collective lives?