Thermal Electric Power Generation Technology_Coal Fired/Fossil Fuel

PPT on Fossil Fuel / Coal Fired Thermal Electric Power Plant

1. Theophilus A T Kambo Jr 2158003 MTech (Candidate), Power and Energy Systems March 12, 2022 Thermal Electric Power Plant ‘Fossil Fuel and Steam’ ACTIVITY 1 – Presentation on Predefined Topic Guided by Prof. Dr. Tanmoy Roy Choudhury Renewable Power Generation Technology- (EE 6206 ) Course Professor

2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION WORKING PRINCIPLE GENERAL LAYOUT OF THERMAL POWER PLANT MAIN EQUIPMENTS SUMMARY REFERENCES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

3. A Thermal Power Plant converts the heat energy of fossil fuel / coal into electrical energy. Coal is burnt in a boiler which converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in turbine produces mechanical power which drives the alternator coupled to the turbine. Thermal Power Plants contribute maximum to the generation of Power for any country. In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural gas etc. are employed as primary sources of energy. Introduction

4. Energy Conversion Process in Steam Power Plants Chemical Energy is Converted into Thermal Energy by Combustion In Boiler Thermal Energy is Converted into Mechanical Energy In Turbine Mechanical Energy is Converted into Electrical Energy In Generator Chemical En e r g y Fu el Th e r m al Energy M e c h a n i cal Energy E l e c t r i cal Energy

5. General Layout of Thermal (Steam) Electric Power Plant

6. Coal handling plant Pulverizing plant Boiler Turbine Condenser Cooling towers and ponds Feed water heater Economizer Air preheater PLANT MAIN EQUIPMENTS

7. COAL HANDLING PLANT Coal is transported to power station by rail or road and stored in coal storage plant and then pulverized. The function of coal handling plant is automatic feeding of coal to the boiler furnace.

8. PULVERIZING PLANT In modern thermal power plant, coal is pulverized i.e. ground to dust like size and carried to the furnace in a stream of hot air. Pulverizing is a means of exposing a large surface area to the action of oxygen and consequently helping combustion. Pulverizing process consists 3 stages classified as: Feeding Drying Grinding

9. BOILER The function of boiler is to generate steam at desired pressure and temperature by transferring heat produced by burning of fuel in a furnace to change water into steam. 0 bar (g) 100°C 5 bar (g) 152°C

10. Steam drum Mud drum Downcome r Airpreheater Dust collector Convection tube Furnace tube WATERTUBE BOILER (PALM WASTE)

11. BOILER READY TO USE (SIDE VIEW) Downcomer Casing Dust Collector SDF ducting SD fan FF fan FFF ducting Steam drum Airpreheater Mud drum

12. FRONT VIEW OF BOILER Fire door Fuel feeding

13. STEAM TURBINE Steam turbine are devices which convert thermal energy from the steam into rotational shaft power with high pressure steam passing through a nozzle that increases the velocity of the steam and focusses the flow path into a jet of steam . This high velocity jet of steam is directed to strike a blade which a result the force on the blade is converted into shaft torque and shaft rotation . Based on their operation and steam flow configurations, steam turbine are classified as follows : Backpressure Extraction Condensing

14. STEAM TURBINE In thermal power plants generally 3 turbines are used to increases the efficiency. High pressure turbine Intermediate pressure turbine Low pressure turbine Alternator Turbine

15. Steam separator PIPING ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM TURBINE Expansion joint Expansion joint Turbine steam inlet

16. CONDENSER The surface condenser is a shell and tube heat exchanger where cooling water flows through tubes and exhaust steam fed into the shell surrounds the tubes, as a result, steam condense outside the tubes. COOLING TOWERS AND PONDS A condenser needs huge quantity of water to condense the steam. Most plants use cooled cooling system where warm water coming from condenser is cooled and reused.

17. FEED WATER HEATER Feed water heating improves overall plant efficiency. Thermal stresses due to cold water entering the boiler drum are avoided. Quality of steam produced by the boiler is increased. ECONOMIZER Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry lot of heat. An economizer extracts a part of this heat from flue gases and uses it for heating feed water. Saving coal consumption and higher boiler efficiency. AIR PREHEATER The function of air preheaters is to preheat the air before entering to the furnace by utilizing some of the energy left in the flue gases before exhausting them to the atmosphere. After flue gases leave economizer, some further heat can be extracted from them and used to heat incoming heat. Cooling of flue gases by 20 degree centigrade increases the plant efficiency by 1%. WASTE GENERATED AND THEIR CONTROL ASH HANDLING PLANT WATER HANDLING PLANT

18. ASH HANDLING PLANT I The ash from the boiler is collected in two forms- Bottom ash(slurry): It's a waste which is dumped into ash pond. Fly ash: Fly ash is separated from flue gases. WATER HANDLING PLANT Water in a Power Plant is used for:- Production of Steam- for rotating turbine. Cooling Purpose-For cooling of various equipment. Water is recycled and used for various purpose : Raw Water For Cooling Purposes Steam Condenser

19. Summary Thermal Electric Power Plant is one of the electric generating plants used in the world today. The simple principle of operation - generated steam duct to a steam turbine which produce mechanical energy due to steam pressure and later converted to electrical energy by electric alternator. Most of these power plants are used solely for generating electric power and few used in the process industries for co generation – process steam and electric power. The design of thermal power stations depends on the intended energy source: Fossil Fuel, Geothermal, Solar Energy, Biofuels and waste incineration are all used.

20. Questions and Answers Thanks