Thesis Presentation anemia and (pranay).pptx

prevalance of anemia

1. PREVALANCE OF ANEMIA IN PEOPLE VISITING AT DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL Dr. Giripunje Pranay Virendra, 3 rd Year PGT Department of Medicine. M.G.M. Medical College & L.S.K. Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar Guide: Dr. (prof.) P artha S arthi K armakar Department of General Medicine. M.G.M. Medical College & L.S.K. Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar

2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Primary Objectives To determine the prevalence of anaemia in patients presenting to the General Medicine department Secondary Objectives To determine the prevalence of undiagnosed anaemia and the grade of anaemia in patients. To analyse the patterns of signs and symptoms among anaemic patients. To identify the confounding factors—demographic, medical history, lifestyle, and social habits—associated with anaemia

3. METHODOLOGY Type of Study: Cross-sectional observational study Place of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at MGM Medical College & LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar. Study Period: 18 months Study Population: The study population consists of patients aged between 18 – 50 years attending the General Medicine outpatient and inpatient departments at MGM Medical College & LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, during the study period. Sample Size: During the study, we selected 260 cases according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria among individuals aged 18 to 50. "According to NFHS-5 (2019–2021), the prevalence of anaemia in males is 25%, and in females, 59.1%, among individuals aged years. The average prevalence is 54.55%."

4. Inclusion Criteria Patients 18 to 50 years of age group (both male and female) presenting to the General Medicine department. Patients who provide informed consent for participation in the study. Exclusion Criteria Patients with known chronic illnesses like cancer, kidney disease, or other significant comorbidities that may alter blood parameters. Pregnant Mothers Patients with known hemoglobinopathies or other haematological disorders not related to anaemia . Patients who refuse to provide consent or are unwilling to participate in the study. Patients with acute or chronic infections that could impact the interpretation of the results .

5. Anemia Definition Anemia classification based on WHO criteria: Mild anemia: Hb 10–11.9 g/dL (females), 10–12.9 g/dL (males). Moderate anemia: Hb 7–9.9 g/dL. Severe anemia: Hb <7 g/dL Statistical Analysis Data was collected and entered into a statistical software package (SPSS Ver-26.) Descriptive statistics was used to calculate the prevalence of anaemia .

6. RESULTS & ANALYSIS Table: 1. Incidence of Anemia Figure: 1. Incidence of Anemia Category Total Participants Anemic Patients Percentage (%) Overall 260 116 44.6% Females 120 72 62.1% Males 140 44 37.9% Out of the 260 participants, 116 (44.6%) were found the anemic patients, females accounted for 62.1% (72 out of 116), while males accounted for 37.9% (44 out of 116).

7. Table: 2. Severity of Anemia Table: 2. Severity of Anemia Severity Number of Patients Percentage (%) Mild anemia 46 39.7% Moderate anemia 58 50.0% Severe anemia 12 10.3% The study analyzed 116 anemic patients and categorized them based on severity, age, sex, symptoms, and type of anemia. The majority of patients had moderate anemia (50.0%), followed by mild anemia (39.7%) and severe anemia (10.3%).

8. Table 3: Anemia Distribution by Severity, Age, Sex, Symptoms, and Type Category Mild Anemia (n=46) Moderate Anemia (n=58) Severe Anemia (n=12) Total (n=116) Age Group (Years) 18–25 18 (39.1%) 22 (37.9%) 4 (33.3%) 44 (37.9%) 26–35 16 (34.8%) 20 (34.5%) 5 (41.7%) 41 (35.3%) 36–45 10 (21.7%) 12 (20.7%) 2 (16.7%) 24 (20.7%) 46–50 2 (4.3%) 4 (6.9%) 1 (8.3%) 7 (6.0%) Sex Female 30 (65.2%) 36 (62.1%) 6 (50.0%) 72 (62.1%) Male 16 (34.8%) 22 (37.9%) 6 (50.0%) 44 (37.9%) Symptoms Fatigue 38 (82.6%) 48 (82.8%) 10 (83.3%) 96 (82.8%) Pallor 32 (69.6%) 40 (69.0%) 10 (83.3%) 82 (70.7%) Dizziness 28 (60.9%) 38 (65.5%) 8 (66.7%) 74 (63.8%) Shortness of breath 22 (47.8%) 34 (58.6%) 8 (66.7%) 64 (55.2%) Palpitations 16 (34.8%) 26 (44.8%) 5 (41.7%) 47 (40.5%) Type of Anemia Iron Deficiency 30 (65.2%) 40 (69.0%) 8 (66.7%) 78 (67.2%) Vitamin B12 Deficiency 10 (21.7%) 12 (20.7%) 2 (16.7%) 24 (20.7%) Folate Deficiency 4 (8.7%) 4 (6.9%) 1 (8.3%) 9 (7.8%)

9. In terms of age distribution, the 18–25 age group had the highest number of anemic patients (44, 37.9%), followed by the 26–35 age group (41, 35.3%). The 36–45 age group accounted for 24 patients (20.7%), while the 46–50 age group had the fewest cases (7, 6.0%). Females constituted 62.1% of the anemic patients, with a higher prevalence across all severity levels compared to males (37.9%). The most common symptoms reported were fatigue (82.8%), pallor (70.7%), and dizziness (63.8%), with symptom severity increasing with the severity of anemia. Other symptoms included shortness of breath (55.2%) and palpitations (40.5%). Regarding the type of anemia, iron deficiency anemia was the most prevalent (67.2%), followed by Vitamin B12 deficiency (20.7%) and Folate deficiency (7.8%). These findings highlight the significant burden of anemia in the study population, particularly among younger individuals and females, and underscore the need for targeted interventions to address nutritional deficiencies and improve health outcomes

10. Current Status Of Results The study has successfully collected data from 260 participants, with 116 (44.6%) identified as anemic. The severity of anemia was categorized as mild (39.7%), moderate (50.0%), and severe (10.3%). Higher prevalence of anemia in females (62.1%) compared to males (37.9%). The 15–25 age group had the highest number of anemic patients (37.9%). Iron deficiency anemia was the most common type (67.2%), followed by Vitamin B12 deficiency (20.7%) and Folate deficiency (7.8%). Common symptoms included fatigue (82.8%), pallor (70.7%), and dizziness (63.8%). Difficulties and Challenges Faced Limited participation from certain age groups (older adults) due to mobility issues or comorbidities. Incomplete or inconsistent data due to patients' inability to recall medical history or dietary habits accurately. Challenges in diagnosing anemia in patients with concurrent infections or chronic diseases, which may skew results

11. Offer incentives (free health check-ups or reports) to improve recruitment rates. Use standardized questionnaires and trained personnel to ensure accurate and consistent data collection Possible Solutions

12. Thank You