Thesis write -1.pdf lecture for yemeni students

Dent

1. ميحرلا نحمرلا للها مسب

2.  Definition of thesis:
 A piece of writing involving original study of a subject,
or a particular subject, especially for a higher
college or university degree (an academic degree):
 A master’s thesis.
 A doctoral thesis (= for a PhD).
 A thesis is also the main idea, opinion, or theory of a
speaker or writer, who then attempts to prove it.
Cambridge Academic Dictionary
 Definition of thesis:
2

3.  Essential Meaning of thesis :
1.A long piece of writing on a particular subject that is
done to earn a degree at a university.
2.Formal : a statement that someone wants to discuss or
prove.
Merriam-Webster Dictionaries
 Definition of thesis:
3

4.  What is a thesis ?
 An argument.
 An exposition of an original piece of research.
 Probably the largest (most self-indulgent) piece of work
you’ll ever do.
 Something that could be published:
• E.g. at least one paper in a scholarly journal.
• But you will probably never publish the whole thesis.
 Ok, When do I start?
 Ok, by what I will start?
4

5.  The Good News :
 The Bad News :
 You only have to write ONE thesis
 At the end, you can add “MSc. or PhD.” to your name
 Good for upgrades on planes
o Writing a thesis is hard, painful work
 You’ve already done the fun part (the research)
o It’s unlike any other document
 Thesis writing is not a marketable skill.
5

6.  Form and style of research thesis writing :
• Title Page
• Approval Sheet
• Abstract …..……….… i
• Acknowledgment …..……….… ii
Dedication …..……….… iii
• Table of Contents …..……….… iv
• Table of Tables …..……….… v
• Table of Figures …..……….… vi
• List of abbreviations …..……….… vii
• Abstract …..……….… x
1)Chapter one: Introduction …..……….… 1
2)Chapter tow: Literature review …..……….… 20
3)Chapter three: Materials and Methodology …..….… 35
4)Chapter four: Results …..……….… 45
5)Chapter fife: Discussion …..……….… 65
6)Chapter six: Conclusion and Recommendation …..….… 75
7)Chapter seven: Bibliography/References …..….… 77
•Summary + ناونعلا ةحفص يبرعلاب +ةيبرعلا ةغللاب صخلملا
6

7.  An abstract summarizes, usually in one paragraph of 300
words or less, the major aspects of the entire paper in a
prescribed sequence that includes:
1)The overall purpose of the study and the research
problem(s) you investigated;
2)The basic design of the study;
3)Major findings or trends found as a result of your analysis;
and,
4)A brief summary of your interpretations and conclusions.
 An abstract :
7

8.  The abstract allows you to elaborate upon each major
aspect of the paper and helps readers decide whether
they want to read the rest of the paper.
 Therefore, enough key information [e.g., summary results,
observations, trends, etc.] must be included to make the
abstract useful to someone who may want to reference
your work.
 An abstract :
8

9.  How do you know when you have enough information
in your abstract?
o A simple rule-of-thumb is to imagine that you are another
researcher doing a similar study.
o Then ask yourself: if your abstract was the only part of the
paper you could access, would you be happy with the
amount of information presented there?
o Does it tell the whole story about your study?
 If the answer is “no”
then the abstract likely needs
to be revised.
 An abstract :
9

10. 1.1. Background of the study :

 Establish the area of research in which your work belongs,
and to provide a context for the research problem.
 Provides information to the research topic.
 In an introduction, the writer should create:
1)Reader interest in the topic,
2)Lay the broad foundation for the problem that leads to the
study.
 Introduction :
10

11.  The introduction serves the purpose of leading the reader
from a general subject area to a particular field of
research.
 It establishes the context of the research being conducted by:
• Summarizing current understanding and background
information about the topic,
• Stating the purpose of the work in the form of the
hypothesis, question, or research problem,
• Briefly explaining your rationale, methodological
approach,
• Highlighting the potential outcomes your study can
reveal,
• And Describing the remaining structure of the paper.
 Introduction :
11

12.  Importance of a Good Introduction :
 Think of the introduction as a mental road map that must
answer for the reader these four questions:
 What was I studying?
 Why was this topic important to investigate?
 What did we know about this topic before I did this study?
 How will this study advance our knowledge?
 Introduction :
12

13.  A well-written introduction is important because, quite
simply, you never get a second chance to make a
good first impression.
 The opening paragraph of your paper will provide your
readers with their initial impressions about:
 The logic of your argument,
 Your writing style,
 The overall quality of your research, and,
 Ultimately, the validity of your findings and conclusions.
 A vague, disorganized, or error-filled introduction will
create a negative impression,
 Whereas, a concise, engaging, and well-written introduction
will start your readers off thinking highly of your
analytical skills, your writing style, and your research
approach.
 Introduction :
13

14.  Always End with a Roadmap:


 The final paragraph or sentences of your introduction should
forecast your main arguments and conclusions
 And provide a description of the rest of the paper [a
"roadmap"] that let's the reader know where you are
going and what to expect.
 Introduction :
14

15. 1.2. Statement of the problem :
 When you start a research, you have a question that you
wish to seek answer for.
 The question leads to a problem that needs to be solved
by the research.
 Begin the research with A Description Of The
Problem Or Thesis Statement.
 Introduction :
1.3. Significance of the study :
 Why your research is important and what contributions will
it give to the field.
 State how your findings Can Make The Difference and
Why it is Important that the research be carried out.
15

16. 16
 Introduction :
1.4. Justification :
 Research justification refers to the rationale for the research, or the
reason why the research is being conducted, including an
explanation for the design and methods employed in the
research.
 The rationale or justification for doing any research must be
gleaned from the existing literature on the subject.
 You will need to conduct a thorough literature survey and
identify gaps in the current literature.
 The best way to write this is to introduce the current literature
in the background/Introduction section and then highlight
the gaps in the literature that have not been addressed
or are yet to be understood.
 This will help set up the need for the current study and thus
justify the need for this research.

17. 17
1.5. Hypothesis :
 Introduction :
 Study hypotheses serve to direct and guide the research. They
indicate the major independent (Predisposing/ Risk
Factors) and dependant variables (Outcome/ Condition/
Disease) of interest.
 They suggest the type of data that must be collected and the
type of analysis that must be conducted in order to
measure the relationship among the variables.
Independent
variables
Cause,
Determine,
Influence
Dependant
variables

18. 1.6. Limitation of the study :
 It is not possible to include All aspects of a particular
problem.
 State What Is Not Included!
 A too wide area of investigation is impractical and will lead
to problems.
 Specify The Boundaries of your research.
 Introduction :
1.7. Aim and Objectives :
 States what your research hopes to accomplish.
 Definition of :
 Terms or concepts that you use should be defined and
explained unless they are familiar or obvious.
 Refer to authoritative sources for definitions.
18

19.  Shows that you are aware of the literature study that is
required in your research area.
 Your review a substantial amount of reading materials
before writing your proposal.
 Shows that you have the theoretical knowledge in your
chosen research area
 By reviewing related literature at this stage, it will make you:
i.Aware of other similar work which has been done.
ii.Expose methodologies that have been adopted and which you
may use or adapt.
iii.Provide sources of information that you do not have yet.
 By reviewing related literature at this stage, it will inform you:
iv.If a chosen area has already been researched extensively.
v.Approaches that you do not know of before.
 literature review :
19

20.  A literature review surveys scholarly articles, books and
other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of
research, or theory,
 And by so doing, providing a description, summary, and
critical evaluation of these works.
 Literature reviews are designed to provide an overview of
sources you have explored while researching a
particular topic and to demonstrate to your readers
how your research fits into the larger field of study.
 literature review :
20

21.  Importance of a Good Literature Review :
 The analytical features of a literature review might:
 Give a new interpretation of old material or combine new
with old interpretations,
 Trace the intellectual progression of the field, including
major debates,
 Depending on the situation, evaluate the sources and advise
the reader on the most pertinent or relevant, or
 Usually in the conclusion of a literature review, identify
where gaps exist in how a problem has been researched
to date.
 literature review :
21

22.  The purpose of a literature review is to:
1)Place each work in the context of its contribution to the
understanding of the research problem being studied,
2)Describe the relationship of each work to the others under
consideration,
3)Identify new ways to interpret, and shed light on any gaps in
previous research,
4)Resolve conflicts amongst seemingly contradictory previous
studies,
5)Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of
effort,
6)Point the way in fulfilling a need for additional research, and
7)Locate your own research within the context of existing
literature.
 literature review :
22