This is a ppt on electrocardiograph in detail

Electrocardiograph

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Monitering the heart related issues

2. An Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a medical test that measures and records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. The test is non-invasive, with electrodes placed on the skin to capture the electrical signals generated by the heart as it beats. The recorded data is presented as a series of waves on a graph, which healthcare professionals use to assess the heart’s rhythm and electrical function. What is electrocardiogram?

3. HOW DOES ECG WORKS An ECG works by detecting the electrical impulses that are naturally produced by the heart with each beat. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of the process: Electrode Placement: Electrodes are attached to specific locations on the patient’s body, typically the chest, arms, and legs. Detection of Electrical Activity: These electrodes pick up the electrical signals generated by the heart Transmission and Amplification: The electrodes transmit these electrical signals to the ECG machine, which amplifies them for better visualization. Graphical Representation: The ECG machine records these signals as waves on graph paper or a digital display.

4. ECG GRAPH P Wave: Represents atrial depolarization, the contraction of the atria. QRS Complex: Represents ventricular depolarization, the contraction of the ventricles. T Wave: Represents ventricular repolarization, the relaxation of the ventricles. Interpretation: Healthcare professionals analyze the patterns and intervals of these waves to diagnose and monitor heart conditions.

5. ECG MACHINE

6. Importance of electrocardiogram in Health Care

7. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ECG monitoring is a fundamental tool in modern healthcare for several reasons: 1. Diagnosis of Cardiac Conditions: 2.Monitoring Cardiac Health 3.Emergency Situations 4.Preoperative and Postoperative Care 5.Preventive Health Care

8. Monitoring the Heart related issues

9. 1.Arrhythmias ( Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) ) Description : A common arrhythmia where the atria beat irregularly and often rapidly. ECG Characteristics : Absence of distinct P waves, irregularly irregular QRS complexes. Example : An ECG shows a wavy baseline with no clear P waves and an irregular rhythm, indicating atrial fibrillation. 2.Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) : Description : A rapid heart rhythm originating from the ventricles. ECG Characteristics : Wide QRS complexes, a rate typically between 100 and 250 beats per minute. Example : An ECG shows wide, fast QRS complexes without preceding P waves, indicating ventricular tachycardia.

10. 3.Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Myocardial Ischemia : Description : Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often due to atherosclerosis. ECG Characteristics : ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion. Example : During a stress test, an ECG shows ST-segment depression indicating reduced blood flow to the heart muscle during exertion. Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) : Description : Complete blockage of a coronary artery, causing damage to the heart muscle. ECG Characteristics : ST-segment elevation, pathologic Q waves, T-wave inversion. Example : An ECG shows ST-segment elevation

11. Congenital Heart Defects Description : Structural abnormalities in the heart present from birth. Types Detected by ECG : Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) : Hole in the wall between the atria. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) : Hole in the wall between the ventricles. Tetralogy of Fallot : A combination of four heart defects. 4Drug Effects on the Heart

12. Importance Early Detection and Prevention by ECG Timely Intervention Cost-Effectiveness Informed Decision-Making Prevention : 1. Maintain a healthy diet. 2. Engage in regular exercise. 3. Manage stress effectively. 4. Schedule regular health check-ups.

13. CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS False Positives and False Negatives Interpretation Errors Human Error Variability in Readings: Technological Limitations Technical Malfunctions

14. THANK YOU Presented by : Chaithra HR Lavanya Chawda