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1. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
SantiagoCalatrava(1951)

2. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
INTRO
Known for hisneo-futurist sculptural buildingsand over 50 bridges
worldwide, Santiago Calatrava (born July 28, 1951) is one of themost
CELEBRATED and CONTROVERSIALarchitectsworking today.
Trained asboth an ARCHITECT and STRUCTURAL ENGINEER,
Calatrava has been lauded throughout his career for hiswork that
seems to defy physical lawsand imbues asense of motion into still
objects (MOVEMENT INNON-MOVING OBJECTS).

3. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
EDUCATIONAND INFLUENCES:
Born and raised in Valencia,Calatrava grew up wanting to be an
artist, taking art classes at 8 years old . Encouraged by his parents
who saw potential for an international future for their son, he left home
toattendl’Ecole des Beaux-Artsin Paris.
However, when he arrived in 1968, the student protests were at their
climax and, finding the classes canceled, he returned to Valencia to
enroll intoArchitecture Schoolat the Escuela Técnica Superior de
Arquitectura.”

4. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
EDUCATIONAND INFLUENCES:
After graduating, he went toETH Zurichto receive a degree in
structural engineering followed by a PhD in technical science,
"On the Foldability of Space Frames“, making himone of the few
ARCHITECTS at the time to also be fully trained as an
ENGINEER.
Calatrava was intrigued withstructures found in nature,
particularly moving structures. His dissertation research explored
questions about “modeling the movement of parts of complete
structures and representation ofintricatecurved surfaces”.

5. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
EARLYCAREER:
After completing his studies, Calatrava began his career starting his
own practice in Zurich in 1981 by acceptingsmall engineering
commissions.

6. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
EARLYCAREER:
He alsoentered design competitions, believing this was his most
likely way to secure commissions. His first winning competition
proposal in 1983 was for the design and construction of Stadelhofen
Railway Stationin Zurich.
The design,inspired by the skeleton of a dog that he had received
as a gift, would be an indication of the style that would later define
him,with curving concrete corridors that come together to create
the semblance ofa ribcage.

7. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
EARLYCAREER:
Stadelhofen Railway Station
in Zurich.

8. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
Calatrava's early career was largely dedicated to bridges and train
stations, whose designs elevated the status of civil engineering
projectstonew heights.
It was also during his early career that he would design many of the
bridges that helped to define his reputation as an architect, including
hisBac de Roda Bridgein Barcelona, that Calatrava designed in
1984 and built fortheOlympic GamesinBarcelona 1992.

9. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
Other bridges followed by such projects as theAlamillo Bridgeand
viaduct commissioned for the World’s Fair in Seville (1987-92),
Campo Volantin Footbridge in Bilbao(1990-97), and Alameda
Bridge andunderground stationin Valencia (1991-95).
Campo Volantin Footbridge in Bilbao

10. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
Alamillo Bridgein Sevilla

11. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
HisMontjuic Communications Towerin Barcelona, Spain (1991) in
the heart of the 1992 Olympic site, as well as theAllen Lambert
Galleriain Toronto, Canada (1992), were important works and turning
points inhiscareer,leading toawide rangeofcommissions.

12. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
MATURE CAREER:
The Quadracci Pavilion (2001) of theMilwaukee Art Museumwas his
first building in the United States. His first American project, the
Milwaukee Art Museum, went even further, featuring moving parts that
required off-sitefabrication,with organic formsreminiscentofabird.
Calatrava's entry into high-rise design began with an innovative 54-
story-high twisting tower calledTurning Torso(2005), located in
Malmö,Sweden.

13. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
His major project in Valencia, theCity of Arts and Sciences,isan
huge cultural development, with multiple buildings and structures.
Other notable projects from this period include the BCE Place mall in
Toronto (1987-92), theOriente railway station in Lisbon(1993-98,
commissioned for Expo ’98), and the winning proposal in the design
competition to complete the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New
York City (1991, unbuilt).
More recent major projects include Sondica Airport, Bilbao (2000), the
Bridge of Europe, Orléans, France (2000), the Bodegas Ysios winery
in Laguardia, Spain (2001).

14. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
CURRENT WORKS: In the wake of 9/11, Calatrava received the
commission in 2003 for the redesigned PATHRail Terminal at the
World Trade Center. However his design,evocative of a phoenix
rising from the ashes, began a series ofrecent controversies,as
his projectwas delayed several timesand wentviolently overbudget.
This pattern would be repeated in a number of projects including his
canceled FordhamSpire in Chicago(also known simply as the
Chicago Spire) and his removal from the commission of the Cathedral
of Christ the Light in Oakland, California. He nonetheless remains one
of architecture’s most influential figures—his ambition and structural
ingenuity pushing the envelope with new projects like the Museum of
Tomorrowin Rio de Janeiro and theYuan Ze UniversityProject in
Taiwan.

15. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
STYLE: BRIDGINGARCHTIECTUREAND ENGINEERING
Calatrava's style has been heralded asbridging the division
between structural engineering and architecture. In the projects,
he continues a tradition of Spanish modernist engineering that
includesFélixCandelaandAntoni Gaudí.
Nonetheless,his style is also very personaland derives from
numerousstudies of the human body and the natural world.
Asbothanarchitectandanengineer, Calatrava easily identifies
with both disciplines. He often creates innovative works that depend
on afirm grasp of both the creative and structural aspects of
design. His skills as an engineer allow him to createsculptural
surfaces and unusual spaces.
Inspiration by Antoni Gaudi
Inspiration by Felix Candela

16. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:JerusalemChordsBridge
TheJerusalem Chords Bridgeor Jerusalem Bridge of Strings, also
called the Jerusalem Light Rail Bridge is a cantilever spar cable-
stayed bridge at the entrance to the city of Jerusalem, Israel. The
bridge is used by Jerusalem Light Rail's Red Line, which began
service on August 19, 2011. Incorporated in the structure is a glass-
sided pedestrian bridge enabling pedestrians to cross from Kiryat
MoshetotheJerusalem Central Bus Station.

17. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:JerusalemChordsBridge

18. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
A striking feature of the bridge is a single 118-meter high mast
supported by 66 steel cables arranged in a parabolic shape which
develops three-dimensionally in space, making it the tallest structure
in Jerusalem at the time of its completion. The exterior of the bridge is
mostly clad in Jerusalem stone, with steel, glass and concrete
detailing. Dubbed "Jerusalem's first shrine of modern design" by Time
Magazine,thebridge has becomeatouristattraction.
The form of the bridge resembleatentinthe
desert or a harp, with the
cables as the strings,
symbolising King David's
harp, according to
Calatrava, others interpret
the looming pylon as the
bust ofa long-necked bird,a
human arm or an arrow
caughtin abow.
PROJECTS:JerusalemChordsBridge

19. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:GaredeSaint-Exupéry
Gare de Saint-Exupéry TGV (formerly Gare de Satolas) is a railway
station near Lyon, France, directly attached to Lyon-Saint Exupéry
Airport. The station was an addition to the airport built to serve TGV
trains on the LGV Rhône-Alpes, part of the main line running from
Paris toMarseille.Itis situatedabout20kmeastofLyon citycentre.

20. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:GaredeSaint-Exupéry
Thebuildingismostlya combination of concrete and steel.The
dramatic form of the 5,600 square meter railway station resembles a
bird at the point of flight and is envisioned as a symbolic gateway to
the region of Lyon. The 1,300 ton roof of the main hall measures
120x100 meters, with a maximum height of 40 meters and span of 53
meters. The hall accommodates ticket offices, retail shops, restaurant
facilities and accessviaelevated galleria toand fromtheairport.

21. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:GareDoOriente
Gare do Oriente or Lisbon Orient Station is one of the main transport
hubs in Lisbon, Portugal. It was finished in 1998 for the Expo '98
world's fairin Parque das Nações, where it is located.
It encompasses a
Lisbon Metro station, a
high-speed, commuter
and regional train hub,
a local, national and
international bus
station, a shopping
centre and a police
station.
Some influence from
Gothic architecture can
also befound.

22. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:GareDoOriente

23. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:PontedellaConstituzione
The Ponte della Costituzione is the fourth bridge over the Grand
Canal in Venice, Italy. It was designed by Santiago Calatrava, and
was moved into place in 2007 (connecting Stazione di Santa Lucia to
Piazzale Roma), amid protest by politicians and the general public.
The bridge was installed in 2008 and opened tothepublic onthe night
ofSeptember11,2008.
“The bridge is
important both
functionally and
symbolically,
connecting arriving
visitors to the city
and welcoming
them to Venice
with a panoramic
view of the Grand
Canal." Santiago
Calatrava

24. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:PontedellaConstituzione
Calatrava designed an arched truss bridge with a radius of 180
metres, with a central arch, two side arches and two lower arches.
Girders placed perpendicular to the arches join them together. The
girders consist of steel tubes and plates, which form closed section
boxes. The stairway on the bridge is paved with pietra d'Istria, a stone
traditionally used in Venice, alternating with tempered glass steps
illuminated from below by fluorescent lights. The parapet is also
tempered glass, terminating in a bronze handrail with concealed
lighting.

25. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:PontedellaConstituzione
Criticism: The bridge has received heated criticism and seen
inauguration delays and walk-outs, which originated from three main
grievances: the lack of wheelchair access,lack of necessityand
itsmodernist-minimalist style being incompatible with Venice's
decorativemedieval architecture.
It has many steps embedded in itsrelatively steeppavement, which
means elderly people havedifficulty climbing it and wheelchair
users are excluded from crossing. Due to lasting protests, a
mobility lift system resembling cocoons will be eventually installed in
2010,incurring large costs,since itwas notpartoftheoriginal design

26. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:PontedellaConstituzione

27. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:MilwaukeeArtMuseum
The city of Milwaukee was looking for a “strong architectural
statement in an exciting yet functional building” that would “set an
architecturalstandardforthenextmillennium”.
Calatrava’s response was to design “a glowing ‘lantern’ on the
downtown lakefront, radiating light in all directions”. He chose to
execute this concept through a pavilion featuring a “vast, glass-
enclosed reception hall” with a “transparent, boat-like prow of unique
design,facingthelake”and a“huge,wing-like sunscreen”.

28. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:MilwaukeeArtMuseum

29. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:TheCityofArtsandScience
The City of Arts and Science is a huge complex outside of Valencia
which consists of a sculpture park (L´Umbracle), an aquarium
(L´Oceanogràfic also called Oceanographique, designed by Felix
Candela), a science museum, a cinema (L´Hemisfèric), and an
entertainmentand aconcerthall (Palau de lesArtsReina Sofía).

30. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:TheCityofArtsandScience

31. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:TheCityofArtsandScience

32. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:TheCityofArtsandScience

33. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:TheCityofArtsandScience

34. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:TurningTorso
Turning Torso is a neo-
futurist residential
skyscraper in Sweden
and the tallest building
in Scandinavia.
Turning Torso is based
ona sculptureby
Calatrava, called
Twisting Torso,which
is a white marble piece
based on the form of a
twisting human being.
It is the first "twisting"
tower.

35. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:TurningTorso
This is a solid immobile building
constructed in nine segments of five-
storey pentagons that twist relative
to each other as it rises; the topmost
segment is twisted 90 degrees
clockwise with respect to the ground
floor. Each floor consists of an
irregular pentagonal shape rotating
around the vertical core, which is
supported by an exterior steel
framework. The two bottom
segments are intended as office
space. Segments three to nine
house 147apartments.

36. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:TurningTorso

37. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:WorldTradeCenterTransportationHub
The project’s sculptural form is achieved through themodulated
repetition of structural steel ribs which unify the complex
composition, and provides dignity and beauty to the building’s sub-
grade levels and pedestrian walkways.Between the ribs, glass
allows natural light, a powerful symbol of hope and vitality, to flood
the facility. Calatrava speaks of light as a structural element in the
Hub, sayingthatthebuilding is supportedby“columns oflight.”

38. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:WorldTradeCenterTransportationHub Designevocative of aphoenix risingfromtheashes

39. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:WorldTradeCenterTransportationHub

40. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:WorldTradeCenterTransportationHub

41. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:WorldTradeCenterTransportationHub

42. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:WorldTradeCenterTransportationHub

43. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
PROJECTS:WorldTradeCenterTransportationHub

44. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
ButCONTROVERSIAL!
Controversial: however, Calatrava has disputed
thepoor reputationhe has collected in recent
years, arguing in many cases that problems with
projects were caused by forces beyond his
control.

45. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE

46. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE

47. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE

48. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
RELATIONWITHART

49. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
RELATION WITH ART
ANDNATURE

50. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
RELATION WITH ART
ANDNATURE

51. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
RELATION WITH ART
ANDNATURE

52. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
RELATION WITH ART
ANDHUMANBODY

53. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
RELATION WITH ART
ANDNATURE

54. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
ONHISOWNWORDS
Isthereamasterarchitectwho has inspired you? In my early career I was fascinated byLe Corbusier, because he
tries to establisha bridge between modernity and vernacular
architectureand he doesn't hide it - look at Ronchamp, it's very
Mediterranean. AlsoLouis Kahnfor his marrying of the classic with
themodern.
Inspiration by Le Corbusier, modernity and vernacular
Inspiration by Louis Kahn, modernity and classicism

55. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
ONHISOWNWORDS
Isthereabuilding you wished you'd designed? Being anarchitect is like playing piano, you learn to play to admire
how well the other guys play piano. That is the fantastic thing. Years
ago it was maybe some works ofOscar Niemeyer, he was an
enormous poet, but alsoFrank Lloyd Wright's Falling Water.What
a beauty, whatcoherence between nature and object, and its
demonstrationofhow fararchitecturecango.
Inspiration by Frank Lloyd Wright's
Falling Water
Inspiration by Oscar Niemeyer, Brazilian architect, dynamism in
white architecture, strong shapes and gelometry

56. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
ONHISOWNWORDS
Inspiration by Forth Bridges:
“This railway bridge, crossing
the Forth estuary in Scotland,
had the world’s longest spans
(541 m) when it opened in
1890. It remains one of the
greatest cantilever trussed
bridges and continues to carry
passengers and freight. Its
distinctive industrial aesthetic is
the result of a forthright and
unadorned display of its
structural components.”
You evidently like bridges,haveyoua favourite? One bridge, that I believe is as Le Corbusier would say a pure
creation d’esprit, is thecantilevered Forth Bridges. In its synthesis
it’salmost like a mathematical formula, it’s extraordinary. You really
see the structure there, with the Gerber in the centre, it has this
tuneful effect on the human mind. Bridges can be an enormous
elementofexpression.

57. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE

58. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
THANKYOU,
SEEYOUNEXTCLASS

59. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
Toknowmore…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9qSRbUDWEI

60. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE

61. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
SANTIAGOCALATRAVA
RAILWAY STATIONS, STADIUMS, AND MUSEUMS, WHOSE
SCULPTURAL FORMS OFTEN RESEMBLE LIVING
ORGANISMSFROMNATURE
STYLE: BRIDGING ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
ANDART ARCHITECTURE AS AN ART BY EXPLORING THE LINKS
BETWEENARCHITECTUREANDSCULPTURE
MOVEMENTINNON-MOVINGOBJECTS

62. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
THANKYOU,
SEEYOUNEXTCLASS

63. LECTURE CALATRAVA ‘INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING (영어강의)’ COURSE
THANKYOU,
SEEYOUNEXTCLASS
THANKYOU, SEEYOUNEXTCLASS