thorax 2,12.pdf anatomy simplified just for u easy

anatomy is going to be fun

1. Thorax

2. Pericardium
•Fibrous
•Serous
1.Perital
2.Visceral
Nerve supply :phrenic nerve

3. Pericardial sinuses
Formed by reflection of serous pericardium
•Transverse sinus
Between ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk and
reflection around great veins
•Oblique sinus
Vena cava, pulmonary veins

7. Heart
•3 surfaces
•Anterior (or sternocostal)
•Posterior (base of the pyramid)
•Inferior (or diaphragmatic)
•Apex @ 5th intercostal space

8. Structure
Epicardium (Serous pericardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium
4 chambers 2 atria 2 ventricles
Skeleton of heart (fibrous rings around valves)

9. Right atrium
•right auricle
•forms theright borderof the heart
•muscular ridge called thecrista terminalis
•Outside it forms sulcus terminalis
Openings
•superior and inferiorvena cavae,
•coronary sinus
Valve
•atrioventricular orifice(guarded by thetricuspid valve)

10. •septal wall marked by a small oval-shaped depression called
thefossaovalis. This is the remnant of theforamen ovale
•An atrial septal defect is an abnormal opening in the interatrial
septum, persistent after birth. The most common site is
theforamen ovale,and this is known as a patent foramen
ovale.
•

12. Right ventricle
•Forms greater part of anterior surface
•pulmonary orifice also known as infundibulum (guarded by the
pulmonary valve), into thepulmonary artery.
•irregular muscular elevations, calledtrabeculae carnae. ( 3 types)
1.Papillary muscles ( attached to chordae tendinae)
2.Moderate band
3.Simple projections

14. Left atria
•Auricle
•4 veins
•Mitral valve

15. Left ventricle
•Papillary muscles
•Aortic vestibule

16. valves
•Tricuspid -3 cusps
@ right lower end of sternum
•Mitral-2 cusps
@ apex beat
•Aortic –3 cusps
@Right 2
nd
ics
3 aortic sinuses give rise to coronary arteries
•Pulmonary –3 cusps
•@left 2
nd
ics

17. Conducting system
•SAN node @ sulcus terminalis
•AV node
•Right and left bundle branch
•Purkinje fibers
•RCA supplies SAN,AV, LBB
•Lcasupplies Right BB

19. Blood supply
•lcaand rcaarise from the left and right aortic sinuses within the
aorta.
left coronary artery(LCA)
1.left anterior descending (LAD), also called the anterior
interventricularartery. (R and L ventricle
2.left circumflex artery
3.Right and left ventricular –supply L ventricle
4.left marginal artery (LMA)

20. •right coronary artery(RCA)
1.Ant. Ventricular –ant surface of right ventricle
2.Post. Ventrcular-right ventricle diaphragmatic surface
3.right marginal artery
4.Posterior interventricular artery (r and left ventricles)
5.Right conus (infundibulum, ant wall of right ventricle)

21. Dominance based on post interventricular artery

23. Venous Drainage
•Coronary sinus
Great (ant. Iv groove)
Middle (post iv groove)
Small
•Anterior

24. Nerve Supply
•Sympathetic and parasympathetic supply via
cardiac plexus

25. Changes in fetal circulation
at birth
•Foramen ovalecloses
•Ductus arteriosus > ligamentum arteriosum
Ductus arteriosus bwaorta and pulmonary artery
•Ductus venosus> ligamentum venosum

26. Defects
•ASD
•VSD (occrsin upper membranous part)
•PDA (Patent ductus arteriosus)
Raises pulmonary vasculature pressure
•Coarctationof aorta –narrowing of aorta due
to muscle tissue contraction

29. Large veins of thorax
•BrachiocephalicR and L forms SVC
•SVC
Formed by Brachiocephalic, azygous joins posteriorly
•Pulmonary vein
•Azygous
Provides alternative pathway in case of ivcobs
R asclumbar vein + R subcostal
Tributaries :
•right eight Post intercostal veins
•R sup intercostal
•sup / accessory hemiazygous
•Inferior / hemiazygous

31. •Inferior vena cava
•Inferior/ hemiazygousvein
Left asclumbar vein + left subclavian
•Superior/accessory hemiazygousvein
Left Posterior intercostal veins

33. Large arteries
Aorta
•Ascending
•Arch
•Descendin
•Thoracic
•Abdominal

34. Ascending aorta
•RCA
•LCA
Originate from aortic sinuses

35. Arch
•Brachiocephalic trunk
•Left common carotid artery
•Left subclavian artery

36. Descending
Begins at T4
Branches
•Post intercostal arteries
•Pericardial
•Esophageal
•Bronchial
•subcostal

37. Lymph nodes
Intercostal nodes
Diaphragmatic nodes
Brachiocephalic nodes (thyroid and pericardium)
Post mediastinal nodes (esophagouspericardium)
Tracheobronchial nodes (trachea heart lungs)

38. Lymph vessels
•Thoracic duct
Enters L brachiocephalic vein
•Right lymphatic duct
Enters R brachiocephalic vein

39. Lymph vessels
•Thoracic duct
•Right lymphatic duct