Three gorges dam,china

student presentation.

1. THE TH REE GORGES DAM

2. Table of Contents: No. Headlines 1. Introduction 2. Duration 3. Materials 4. Construction Technique 5. Construction Equipment 6. Specific Problems & solutions 7. summary

3. I N T R OD U C T ION   The Th r ee Go r ges D am is the la r gest conc r ete structu r e on the pla n et.  Built on the Y a n gtze r i v e r in c h in a .  It is the la r gest h y d r o power p r oject in the wor l d.   It is a m u lti objective d a m wi t h g r e a t be n efits in flood co n t r ol, power ge n erati o n, n avigation a n d so on.

4. T h e Y a ngtze r i v e r  The Y a n gtze r i ver is t h e la r gest r i ver in Asia and the thi r d la r gest in the wo r ld.  The river is m o r e t han 6 00 kms long a n d at places several kms w i de.  It is one o f the biggest r i ve r s by disch a r ge volume in the wo r ld.  River is one o f the wo r lds busiest wate r ways.

5. Flood reco r ds of the Yangtze river  T h e Yan g tze r i ver is ve r y n o torious and unpr e d i ct a b l e in i ts flo w .  Some of the m a jor floods oc c urr e d in 19 3 1 , 19 3 5 , 19 4 9 , 19 5 4 , 19 9 8.  T h e most seve r e b e ing the flood in 19 3 5 wh i ch ki l l e d 1 , 42 , 000 p e opl e .  Over the yea r s china has lost b i l l ions of do l l a rs due to the flood i ng i n the Yan g tze r i ve r .

6. Durations C o ns t ruction was car r i e d out i n 3 phases. P h a s e P h a s e P h a s e 1(199 3 -19 9 7 ) - excavation f or r iv er d iv e r s i on 2 ( 19 98 -2003) - cons tr uction o f spi l l wa y , l e f t b ank power house and s h i p l ock. 3 ( 2004-2009) - cons tr uction o f r i ght bank chann el .

7. Material: As a steel-concrete gravity dam, the Three Gorges used concrete steel and sand rock materials . Concrete : 27.2 million cubic meters (35.5 million cubic yards).   Steel reinforcing bars: 354,000 tons

8. C o n s truct i on Co n s t ruc t i o n o f ma i n b o d y i n c l u d e s Rock and ea r th excava t ion o f 10 2 .83 m i l l ion cu b ic met r e.  C o nc r ete placeme n t o f 2 7.2 m i l l ion cu b ic met r e. Rock and ea r th r e f i l l o f 31. 9 8 m i l l ion cu b ic met r e. Metal frame in s ta l la t ion o f 2 5 6 ,5 ton n es. Insta l l a t i on o f 3 2 tu r bine genera t or u n i t s , each o f 700 MW capacity eac h .    

9. C o ffer d a m s f o r r i v er d i v e r sion.

10. Construction Equipment’s: •4500-kN gantry crane Model II stands on Three Gorges Dam. •Cableways for concrete placement. •4,000-kN/1,250-kN two-way gantry crane. •Portal-type bucket wheel stacker- reclaimer . •Stacker- reclaimer for circular storage yard. •Bucket chain unloader . • Concrete Cylinder Pipe. • T Column assembled hydraulic trailer engine.

11. S hip l o c k f a cil i ty  the s h ip lock is five step and dou b le way t y p e .  T h e locks a r e 2 8 met r es long , 3 5 met r es wide a nd 5 met r es d e e p .  T h e t r ansit t i me is 4 ho u r s.  T h e max vessel size is 1 0, 00 ton n es.  40, 00 ton n es o f metal structu r es w e r e u s ed to co n struct the s h ip lock.

12. S hip li f t fa c ili t y  S hip l i f t is a kind o f ele v ator for vessels.  Design e d to li f t s h ips u p to 3 00 ton n es.  Wi l l l i f t s h ips ve r t i cal l y u p to 1 1 3 met r es high.  L i f t basin is 1 20 m et r es long, 18 met r es wide a nd 3 .5 met r es d e e p .  T r a n s it t i m e 3 0- 40 m i n u tes.  Due to be completed in 2 01 5 .

13. R e l ocati o n a nd r e se t tlement T h e T GP r es e r vo i r in u n d ated 6 3 2 km sq. o f land and 2 4,5 h e cta r es o f far m land.  1.24 m i l l ion p e ople w e r e r elocated to hig h er g r ou n ds.  S o far 1 3 cit i es, 140 tow n s and 1 6 00 v i l l ages have b e en subme r g e d un d er the w o r l ds la r g e st r es e r vo i r .  The was tot a l cost spent on r eloca t ing people 6.5 bil l ion dolla r s.  T h e re location p r ocess was the la r g e st for a  r i ver water p r oject.

14. Re location

15. Be nefits o f t h e d am  F L OO D C ON T R OL.  CH E A PER AN D CL E A N SO U RC E O F E L ECT R IC I T Y .  I M P R OV ED N A V IG A T I O N.  B E T TER I RR IG A T I O N A L F A C ILITIES DU R I NG D R Y S E ASON .  B E T TER W AS T E M AN A G E M EN T .  I M P R OV ED T O U R I S M.

16. E n v i r onmental Be nefits By p r ov i ding hyd r oelect r ic i ty at s uch a high sca l e, the T GP has saved 3 1 m i l l ion ton n es o f coal a n d p r event e d.. 100 m i l l ion ton n es o f g r een ho u se gas per yea r . 1 m i l l ion ton n es o f s u lph u r di o x i de p e r yea r . 37 ,0 ton n es o f nit r ic o x i d e . 10, 00 ton n es o f carbon mon o x i de.     

17. N a v i gational b e nefits  T h e instal l at i on o f ship locks and ship l i f t has inc r eas e d r i v er s h ipping f r om 10 m i l l ion ton n es to 100 m i l l ion ton n es an n uall y .  T r a n s po r tat i on r a tes a r e cut by 30 - 37 %.  T h e water t r af f ic on the Y an g tze has inc r eas e d by 6 t i mes.  Imp r o v ed na v iga t ion on t he upst r eam side .

18. Dra wbacks o f t h e T GP  S I L T F A C T OR  L AN D S LID ES  ER O S ION AN D S EDI MEN T A T ION  L OS S O F WILD L I FE  RE L OC A T I ON O F O V ER A M ILL ION PE O P LE.  L OS S O F IMP O R T ANT AR C H EO L O G I C A L S ITE S

19. Dra wbacks 5 3 m i l l ion ton n es o f se d i m e n t into the r es e r vo i r e ve r y yea r . T h e 6 km long r es e r vo i r floo d ed 1400 a r cha e ological sites . Due to high water leve l s on u p st r eam side, ma j or land s l i d e s have o cc u r r ed i n the r ec e nt past. 8 % o f the land a r ea is exp e r i e n cing e r osion. S ha n g h ai sits on a se d i m e n ta r y plain. Loss o f e n da n g e r ed species due to the cha n ge i n water level and water q u al i t y . ( ex - C h inese r i v er dolp h in)     

20. TH A NK AN Y Q U E S T IONS ? ?? Y OU