Three orders1.pptx History of Europe......

history 3 oders, history of Europe

1. The Three Orders

2. Here below, some pray, others fight, still others work . . by Bishop Adalbero of Laon . from the beginning, mankind has been divided into three parts, among men of prayer, farmers, and men of war . . . Gerard of Cambrai tripartite division of European society

3. What is Feudalism?

4. What is Feudalism? The term is derived from a German word ‘feud’ which means a piece of land and ‘ism’ related principles to follow. Feudalism was a process that revolved around the principles of land related matters. All social, political and economic affairs of society were led by the land.

5. Feudal system

6. Monastery

7. Monastery The word monastery is derived from the Greek term ‘monos’ means someone who lives alone. It was a place where spiritual people spent their life alone separated from worldly things. Two well known monasteries established by 1.St.Benedict in Italy in 529 2.Cluny of Burgundy in 910

8. What was the' tithe’? A tax levied by the church on the peasants which was 1/10 of their produce.

9. England-land of ‘Angles’

10. England-land of ‘Angles’ The Angles and Saxons came from central Europe and got settled in England during sixth century. The name of the country England is a modification of ‘Angles' land as England was inhabited by Angles.

11. Purposes of using stained glasses in the windows of cathedrals

12. Purposes of using stained glasses in the windows of cathedrals 1.Describing stories of Bibles .So that illiterate could understand stories. 2.a.The glasses made the cathedral radiant for the people who were inside(during day time) and b.The light of the candles made them visible for the people outside(during nights)

13. Black death

14. Black death Black death or bubonic plague caused the larges scale deaths in Europe. It was brought by the rats that had come to Europe along with the trading ships.

15. Guilds Guilds were the basis of economic organization in the Medieval Europe. Each crafter industry was organized in to a guild . Guilds controlled the quality, price and the sale of the goods

16. Manor

17. Manorial Estates- centres of wealth and Power A lord house was known as manor-house in feudal society. He would control peasant’s villages in the Manorial Estate Manorial Estates were self –sufficient economic centres . Each and every requirement of daily life was fulfilled in the estate.

18. Manorial Estates- centres of wealth and Power The grains were grown in the fields, Blacksmiths and carpenters maintained the lord’s equipments and refurnished the ornaments Stone masons managed their buildings. The women prepared fabrics and children worked in lord’s wine-presses. The estates consisted of woodlands and forests where the lords did hunting The estates contained pastures The church was also part of estate

19. Manor Lowest unit of administration in the feudal system of Europe. An estate given to lord Contained vast territories with numbers of villages and had almost all kinds of resources.

20. Lowest unit of administration in the feudal system of Europe. An estate given to lord Contained vast territories with numbers of villages and had almost all kinds of resources .

21. Saying-‘town air makes free’ In the 13 th century, many serfs escaped from their masters and hid themselves in new towns. If they successfully completed a period of one year, without being discovered by their masters, they could become freemen. Therefore the saying became popular in the medieval Europe

22. Rights given to lords Could raise troops known as ‘feudal levies’ Had the right to Mint coins

23. Knights-a distinctive group

24. Knights-a distinctive group Regular localized wars in Europe, insufficient amateur peasant soldiers,absence of good cavalry led to the evolution of Knights. They were under the lords They paid his lord customary fees and pledged to fight for him in war. The lords granted a piece of land (fief)(1000 to 2000 acres or more) for knights in lieu of their service.

25. Knights-a distinctive group A knight’s fief consisted of 1.A house for him and his family 2.Church settlements of dependents together with watermill and wine-press. The peasants cultivated the lands of the fief. A knight could serve more than one lord but remained loyal to his own lord.

26. Marc Bloch (1886-1944 )

27. Marc Bloch (1886-1944 ) A French scholar who worked on the concept of feudalism. To him, history is not all about political history but also includes international relations and lives of great people. He stressed on the importance of geography in determining human history and the requirement to realize the collective activities or approaches of clusters of people

28. ‘Feudal Society’

29. ‘Feudal Society’ The book talks about the European society between 900 and 1300 AD especially of France. It had significant detailed social relations and hierarchies, and land related affaires and cultural achievements of that period.

30. Monks

31. Monks Spiritual Christians in feudal society Lived in religious communities called abbeys or monasteries. Spent their time in worship, study and manual labour like farming. Most abbeys were single –sex communities where men (monks)and women(nuns) lived in separate monasteries Monks and Nuns didn't marry

32. Monks-Basic rules to follow The monks had to follow several basic rules to be a spiritual being. Evidences have been found in the manuscript got from Benedictine monasteries which had 73 chapters.

33. Monks-Basic rules to follow Some of the important rules were: Chapter 6 said: The consent to speak should be granted to monks only on rare occasions Chapter 7 said: Humanity means obedience Chapter 33 said: A monk should never posses a private property

34. Monks-Basic rules to follow Chapter 47 said : Idleness is the enemy of the soul, so friars and sisters should be occupied at certain time in physical work and at fixed hours in readings. Chapter 48 said: The monasteries should be settled out in the way that all requirements (water, mill, garden, Workshops etc)are found within its premises

35. Features of Feudalism A kind of agricultural production based on the relationship between the lords and peasants. Peasants worked on the lands of the lords in lieu of labour service Peasants got military protection from the lord. Lords decided the judicial matters of the peasants. Lord was all in all proprietors of lands Feudalism covers economic, political and social aspects of life

36. FRANCE

37. The name ‘ france ’ ‘Gaul’ was a province of Roman Empire with a wide range of geographical features. A Germanic tribe ‘Franks’ conferred their name to Gaul and it later came to be known as France.

38. CathedralS

39. Cathedrals The large churches were called cathedrals They were built by in France by 12 th century They were belonged to the monasteries They were made of stones and years to complete Stained glasses were used in windows They were centers of pilgrimage Cathedrals led to the development of small towns