Thyroid ppt

its all about thyroid gland,functions of thyroid gland,disorders of thyroid gland,signs and symptoms and medications.hope it will be useful for you.thank you,

1. Thyroid

2. O bjectives What is thyroid gland? Functions of thyroid gland. Disorders of thyroid gland. Causes of thyroid disorders. Signs and symptoms. Treatments prevention Gender percentage. Summary

3. What is thyroid gland? is a butterfly-shaped gland that sits low on the front of the neck. Your thyroid lies below your Adam’s apple, along the front of the windpipe. The thyroid has two side lobes, connected by a bridge in the middle. When the thyroid is its normal size, you can’t feel it . Brownish-red in color, the thyroid is rich with blood vessels. Nerves important for voice quality also pass through the thyroid.

4. Functions The thyroid secretes several hormones, collectively called thyroid hormones. The main hormone is thyroxine , also called T4. Thyroid hormones act throughout the body, influencing Metabolism Growth and development Body temperature. During infancy and childhood, adequate thyroid hormone is crucial for brain development .

5. Disorders Thyroid disorders can range from a small, harmless goiter (enlarged gland) that needs no treatment to life-threatening cancer. The most common thyroid problems involve abnormal production of thyroid hormones. Too much thyroid hormone results in a condition known as hyperthyroidism. Insufficient hormone production leads to hypothyroidism .

6. Graves' disease : The production of too much thyroid hormone. Toxic adenomas : Nodules develop in the thyroid gland and begin to secrete thyroid hormones, upsetting the body's chemical balance; some goiters may contain several of these nodules. Subacute thyroiditis : Inflammation of the thyroid that causes the gland to "leak" excess hormones, Pituitary gland malfunctions or cancerous growths in the thyroid gland : Although rare, hyperthyroidism can also develop from these causes. Some common causes of hyperthyroidism include:

7. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can include: Tremor Nervousness Fast heart rate Fatigue Intolerance for heat Increased sweating Concentration problems Unintentional weight loss

8. Hashimoto's thyroiditis : In this autoimmune disorder, the body attacks thyroid tissue. The tissue eventually dies and stops producing hormones. Removal of the thyroid gland : The thyroid may have been surgically removed or chemically destroyed. Exposure to excessive amounts of iodide : Cold and sinus medicines, the heart medicine amiodarone, or certain contrast dyes given before some X-rays may expose you to too much iodine. Lithium : This drug has also been implicated as a cause of hypothyroidism . Avoiding certain foods, including soy, may be helpful to people with hyperthyroidism. Untreated for long periods of time, hypothyroidism can bring on a myxedema coma, a rare but potentially fatal condition that requires immediate hormone treatment. Some common causes of hypothyroidism include:

9. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include: Fatigue Poor concentration or feeling mentally "foggy" Dry skin Constipation Feeling cold Fluid retention Muscle and joint aches Depression Prolonged or excessive menstrual bleeding in women

10. Hypothyroidism poses a special danger to newborns and infants. A lack of thyroid hormones in the system at an early age can lead to the development of cretinism (mental retardation) and dwarfism (stunted growth). Most infants now have their thyroid levels checked routinely soon after birth. If they are hypothyroid, treatment begins immediately. A hypothyroid infant is unusually inactive and quiet, has a poor appetite, and sleeps for excessively long periods of time .

11. Cancer of the thyroid gland is quite rare and occurs in about 5% of thyroid nodules. You might have one or more thyroid nodules for several years before they are determined to be cancerous. People who have received radiation treatment to the head and neck earlier in life, possibly as a remedy for acne, tend to have a higher-than-normal risk of developing thyroid cancer. C ancers

12. Thyroid medications Although the effects can be unpleasant or uncomfortable, most thyroid problems can be managed well if properly diagnosed and treated. In addition to thorough medical history and physical exam, specialized tests are used to diagnose thyroid disorders . Blood tests are typically done to measure levels of thyroid hormones and TSH. Ultrasound scans using radioactive Medications can be given to replace the missing thyroid hormone in hypothyroidism. Synthetic thyroid hormone is given in pill form by mouth. If hyperthyroidism is not controlled with medications, radioactive ablation can be performed. Thyroid surgery

13. Gender percentage According to different research, women are having problems with thyroid gland 3-10 times more, than men. As women are more susceptible to different hormonal leaps, their body is very sensitive to any hormonal changes and react to them sharper than the "calm" male body. That is why iodine deficiency often causes complications in the female reproductive system, and not in men. The research findings show that thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland protect the body from carcinogens and the risk of breast cancer in women increases, when there is a shortage of these hormones. Pregnant women are the most sensitive to iodine deficiency, as during this period the woman's hormonal system undergoes serious challenge. Besides, by 16-17th week the fetus begins to develop its own thyroid gland, and it begins to take iodine from mother.

14. S ummary Thyroid gland plays an important role in human body. Abnormal production of thyroid hormones can cause different disorders. Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Thyroid cancer Sings and symptoms of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Medications Gender percentage of thyroid disorders.