Ticks (Soft and Hard)

Ticks (Soft and Hard)

1. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Course Title

2. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control

3. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Blood sucking arthropods
Obligate Hematophages
Ectoparasites of mammals, birds, and
sometimes reptiles and amphibians.
Life threatening vector (rank second; 1
st
Mosquitos)
Transmit greater variety of infections agents
Economic losses

4. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
1.Thehead,thorax,andabdomen
arefusedintoonebodysegment.
2.Arachnidsdonothavewingsand
antennae.
3.Inthenymphandadultstages
theyhavefourpairsoflegs.

5. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Significance
Bite Stress
Production
loss
Physical
Damage
Anemia
Poisoning
Disease
Transmission
•Tick-borne
meningoencephalitis
•Colorado tick fever
•Nairobi sheep disease
•African swine fever
•Crimean-Congo
hemorrhagic fever
Virus
•Rocky Mountain
spotted fever
Rickettsia
•Lyme disease
•African tick bite fever
•Ehrlichiosis
•Tularemia
•Tick-borne relapsing fever
•Q fever
Bacteria
•Babesiosis
•Theileriosis
•Bovine anaplasmosis
Protozoa

6. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control

7. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthopoda
Class: Arachnida
Sub-class: Acari
Order: Parasitiformes
Sub-order: Ixodida
Ixodidae
Hard Ticks
Argasidae
Soft Ticks
Nuttalliellidae
Nuttalliella namaqua

8. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Hard Tick Soft Tick
Distinguished by a dorsal
shield, small in female, but
covers the entire dorsal
surface in males. They are
also tapered anteriorly and
the mouthparts are readily
visible from the dorsal view.
Soft Ticks are leathery and
without a dorsal shield.
Their mouthparts are sub-
terminally attached and
not visible from the dorsal
view.

9. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Amblyomma Dermacentor Haemaphysalis
Hyalomma Ixodes Rhipicephalus

10. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Otobius Argas
Ornithodoros

11. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control

12. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Body Sections: The anterior capitulum(or gnathosoma),
which contains the head and mouthparts; and the posterior
idiosomawhich contains the legs, digestive tract, and
reproductive organs.

13. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Ticksextractthebloodbycuttingaholeinthehost'sepidermis,into
whichtheyinserttheirhypostome,inordertokeepthebloodfrom
clottingbyexcretingananticoagulantorplateletaggregationinhibitor.

14. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Hard Ticks Soft Ticks
Capitulum
Anterior to body,
visible from dorsum
Invisible from dorsum
Scutum Present Not Present
Pedipalpi
Strong,
Non-Movable
Movable, Active
Difference of
Sexes
Evident: Male smaller
with large scutum and
vice versa.
Not evident, female
larger
Position of
Stigmal
Plate
Behind the base of 4
th
pair of legs
Between 3
rd
and 4
th
pair
of legs
Morphological Differences

15. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Hard Tick
(Male)

16. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Har
d Tick (Female)

17. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control

18. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control

19. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Egg Laying
Unlikemosquitoes,bothmaleandfemalehard
ticksarebloodsuckers,andbothrequire
severaldaysfeedingbeforecopulation.Afterthe
malehardtickbecomesengorged,heusually
copulateswithoneormorefemalesandthen
dies.Followingcopulation,thefemaletickdrops
totheground.Theeggsrequireseveraldaysto
develop.Thenshebeginsoviposition.Aftera
fewmoredays,herlife'smissionaccomplished,
thespentfemalehardtickalsodies.Thefemale
softtickmaylayseveralsmallbatchesofeggs
butsherequiresanotherbloodmealbeforeeach
episodeofoviposition.

20. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control

21. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control

22. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Hard Ticks Soft Ticks
Habitat
Live outdoor, attack in
the day (questing)
Live in sleeping places
of host.
Hosts 1-3 hosts More than 10 hosts
Adult
Feeding
1 blood meal,
Completes in days
Intermittent feeders
(5-12 or more)
Mating On host Off host
Egg Laying
Thousands / single
batch
Less than thousand in
several batches
Nymph 1 instar Several (5-7) instars
Life span2 months –3 yearsLong (up to 16 years)

23. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Hard Ticks
Male smaller with
larger Scutum and
vice versa.
Soft Ticks
In males, the
genital opening is
almost circular,
while it is oval and
definitely broader
than long in female
specimens.

24. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control

25. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Physical Control
General
Personal
Chemical Control
DEET, Permethrin
Insecticides (Acaricides) in
Spring and Summer
Biological Control
Resistant Breeds
Vaccination

26. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control

27. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control

28. Osama Zahid
Introduction
Classification
Morphology
Life Cycle
Control
Normal Ticks Vaccinated Ticks