Timeline of New Mexico history

1. Timeline of New
Mexico History
What do you know about the history of
New Mexico?

2. Before Spanish Colonization

3. 12,000-10,000 B.C.
Sandia people leave earliest evidence of
human existence in what is now New
Mexico.

4. A.D. 700-1300
Anasazi culture culminates the highly developed
Chaco Civilization

5. A.D. 1200-1500s
Pueblo Indians establish villages along
the Rio Grande and its tributaries.

7. 1519
Hernando Cortez lands in what is today Vera Cruz, Mexico and
takes over the Aztec Empire.

8. New Mexico under the Spanish
Crown

9. Map of Spanish exploration and colonization activities

10. In 1536 Cabeza de Vaca
reached Culiacan, Mexico.

11. Cabeza de Vaca
After being shipwrecked and
imprisoned by Indians, he
and three other men cross
through what is now
southern New Mexico.
They began rumors of the
Seven Cities of Cibola.
These four men were the first
non-Indians to travel through
the interior of North
America.

12. 1539-1583
Over the next fifty years, four different expeditions
traveled through New Mexico.
This included the well known explorer Francisco
Vasquez de Coronado.
Along with 300 soldiers and 800 Indian allies from
New Spain, he passed through the Rio Grande Valley
while looking for the fabled Seven Cities of Gold.
Instead he found villages inhabited by prosperous
native people near present day Bernalillo.

13. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

14. 1598
Juan de Oñate led a colonizing expedition of 500 settlers
from Mexico to the new province of New Mexico.
He established the capital near the Tewa village of Ohke
(by present day Espanola).
He also founded El Camino Real, the communication
and trade link between Mexico City and Santa Fe.

15. Onate & the New Mexico founding families

16. 1599
Battle at Acoma between natives and
Spaniards. Juan de Onate becomes
infamous for his brutality during this battle.

17. BATTLE OF ACOMA (CONTINUED)
One of Onate’s soldiers stopped at Acoma for provisions. While there,
the Acomas accused them of stealing, and violating an Acoma
woman, and killed thirteen of the soldiers for this.
Onate sent more men to Acoma in retaliation, resulting in a three-day
battle.
When the fighting ended, several hundred Indians were dead, and
hundreds of surviving Acomas were and taken to Santa Domingo
Pueblo to stand trial. Onate severely punished the people of Acoma.
Men over twenty-five had one foot cut off and were sentenced to
twenty years of personal servitude to the Spanish colonists
Young men between the ages of twelve and twenty-five received
twenty years of personal servitude
Young women over twelve years of age were given twenty years of
servitude
Sixty young girls were sent to Mexico City to serve in the convents
there, never to see their homeland again
Two Hopi men caught at the Acoma battle had their right hand cut off
and were set free to spread the news of Spanish retribution.

18. Statue of Juan de Oñate located a few miles
north of Española, New Mexico. In January of
1998, it was damaged by vandals.

19. 1608
Onate removed as governor and sent to Mexico City to be
tried for mistreatment of the Indians and abuse of power.
Decision made by Spanish Crown to continue settlement of
New Mexico as a royal province.

20. 1609-1610
Gov. Pedro de Peralta establishes a new capital at Santa Fe.
Construction begins on the Palace of the Governors.

21. 1626 - Spanish Inquisition
established in New Mexico.
Thousands of Jews fleeing the Inquisition in Spain and
Portugal had drifted to the Americas for a century. Many
were now in New Mexico and in 1626 the sanctuary of the
northern provinces ended for them.

22. 1680 - Pueblo Indian Revolt
Santa Fe, NM
It was the only successful Native American revolt against the Spanish in all
of the Americas. The Spanish withdraw from present day New Mexico for
twelve years.

23. 1692-1693
Twelve years after the Pueblo Revolt, Don Diego de
Vargas re-colonizes Santa Fe.
 Spanish rule returns to New Mexico.

24. 1706
Villa de Albuquerque founded.

25. New Mexico as a Part of Mexico

26. 1821 Mexico declares independence from Spain.
Mexico is now its own country. Anglos begin to trade with the
Mexicans in New Mexico. When Mexico was a part of Spain, Spain
did not permit much trade from occurring between its colonies and
other countries. Spain did not want other countries and cultural
groups to influence its colonies.

27. New Mexico as Part of the United
States

28. 1846 Mexican-American War begins.
Stephen Watts Kearny annexes New Mexico to the United States.

29. 1847
Taos Rebellion against the U.S. military.
Governor Charles Bent is the first Anglo governor of New Mexico and is killed in the rebellion.

30. 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
ends Mexican-American War.

31. 1850 -New Mexico (which included present-day Arizona,
southern Colorado, southern Utah, and southern Nevada)
is designated a territory but denied statehood. The
struggle for state hood will be long battle for New
Mexico.

32. 1863 - New Mexico is partitioned in half &
the Territory of Arizona is created.

33. 1863-1868 " The Long Walk"
Led by Colonel Kit Carson
Navajos and Apaches are relocated to Bosque Redondo.
About 8,000 Navajos were rounded up and forced to walk 300
miles across the desert of New Mexico.

34. 1878
The railroad arrives in
New Mexico, opening
full-scale trade and
migration from the east
and Midwest of the
United States.
Lincoln County War
erupts in southeast New
Mexico

35. 1881 Billy the Kid shot by Sheriff Pat
Garrett in Fort Sumner N.M.

36. 1910 - New Mexico Constitution
drafted in preparation for statehood.

37. 1912
New Mexico admitted to the Union as the 47th state.
It took sixty years for New Mexico to attain
statehood.

38. 1916 - Pancho Villa raids

Columbus, N.M.
Villa attacked Columbus, NM
Columbus, NM after the raid

39. 1920 - Adoption of the l9th Amendment gives
women the right to vote.
Nina Otero-Warren leads successful lobbying
campaign to win New Mexico ratification of
19th Amendment.

40. 1930-1943 - Great Depression
Federal New Deal funds provide employment
for many and causes numerous public
buildings to be constructed.
"Walking 30 miles to visit family in Santa Fe";
Chomita, New Mexico (Circa May 1935)
A displaced family looking for work in 1935

41. New Mexico soldiers serving in the 200th Coast Artillery during World War II are
captured by the Japanese and forced to endure the Bataan Death March.
Navajo "Code Talkers" are influential in helping end the war.
Secret atomic laboratories established at Los Alamos.
1942 -1945

42. 1945- World's first atomic bomb
detonated at Trinity Site in southern
New Mexico after its development at
Los Alamos.

43. 1948 - Native Americans win the right
to vote in state elections only.

44. New Mexico History
What surprised you about our state’s history?
What about New Mexico’s history are you
interested in learning more about?

45. Sources:
http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=312
http://acoma.sks.com/About_Acoma.aspx
http://www.shgresources.com/nm/timeline/
http://weber.ucsd.edu/~rfrank/class_web/E
S-112A/Onate.html