Tissue culture

ITS A METHOD USED TO IMPROVE YIELD IN AGRICULTURE

1. TISSUE CULTURE

2. Tissue culture Tissue culture  is the growth of  tissues or cells separate from the organism. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. or Tissue culture is a device that helps us to produce new saplings from the cells of plants

3. Applications Plant tissue culture is used widely in the plant sciences, forestry, and in horticulture. Applications include: The commercial production of plants used as potting, landscape, and florist subjects, which uses meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of identical individuals. To conserve rare or endangered plant species. A plant breeder may use tissue culture to screen cells rather than plants for advantageous characters, e.g. herbicide resistance/tolerance. Large-scale growth of plant cells in liquid culture in bioreactors for production of valuable compounds, like plant-derived secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins used as biopharmaceuticals. To cross distantly related species by protoplast fusion and regeneration of the novel hybrid.

4. To cross-pollinate distantly related species and then tissue culture the resulting embryo which would otherwise normally die. Certain techniques such as meristem tip culture can be used to produce clean plant material from virused stock, such as potatoes and many species of soft fruit. Production of identical sterile hybrid species can be obtained.

5. Advantages 1.To produce many copies of the same plants then which may be used to produce plants with better flowers, odors, fruits or any other properties of the plants that are beneficial to the human beings. 2.To produce plants anytime we want although the climates are not appropriate to produce a plant. Moreover, if seed is not available, it is possible to produce a plant with this method. 3.If there is plant with partially infected tissue, it is possible to produce a new plant without infection.

6. 4.Very helpful in the genetically modified organism studies. 5.Very useful solution for the prevention of starvation in third world countries since the process id highly efficient, by using only one plant, it is possible to produce more than one thousand of the same plant with higher productive if its genome changed.

7. Disadvantages 1.If large scale production is being thinking, the costs of the equipments are very expensive. 2.The procedure is very variable and it depends on the type of the species so sometimes it needs trial-and-error type of experiments if there is not any review about that species. 3.The procedure needs special attention and diligently done observation. 4.There may be error in the identity of the organisms after culture. 5.Infection may continue thorough generations easily if possible precautions are not taken 6.Decrease genetic variability.