Tissue engineering in periodontics

Tissue engineering and stem cells

1. Tissue engineering In
periodontics

2. Introduction
•Tissue engineering is a novel and
exciting field that aims to re-
create functional, healthy tissues
and organs in order to replace
diseased, dying, or dead tissues.
•Restore, maintain, and improve
the function of damaged tissues
and organs.

3. Basic Steps In Tissue
Engineering
•There are three basic steps in tissue
engineering.




•The first
step is
actually
getting the
base cells
to work
with.


•The second
step is putting
the altered
cells into a
scaffold in
order to
incubate the
cells.



•The final
step is to put
the newly
created cells
or organ
into use.

4. Triad of tissue Engineering

5. Cell source for tissue
engineering
•Cell source is critical
parameters for successful
outcome of tissue
engineering.
•Within the sphere of
periodontal tissue
engineering, mesenchymal
derived cells have been
applied for simultaneous
regeneration.

6. Dental Pulp Stem Cells:

•Human pulp cells
(odontoblasts) retain its ability
to form functional odontoblast
•Ability to form reparative
dentin when expose to deep
caries and mild trauma or pulp
capping.

7. Periodontal Ligament Stem
Cells:
•Periodontal ligament stem cells
(PDLSCs), which reside in the
perivascular space of the periodontium,
possess characteristics of mesenchymal
stem cells
•Multipotent progenitors from human
PDL were shown to generate bone.
•They retain stem cell properties and
tissue regeneration capacity even after
recovery from solid-frozen human
primary tissue.

8. Dental Follicle Stem Cells:
•The dental follicle has long been
considered a multipotent tissue,
based on its ability to generate
cementum, bone and PDL from
the ectomesenchyme derived
fibrous tissue.
•Dental follicle stem cells express
stem cell markers and the has
ability to differentiate into
osteoblasts/cementoblasts,adipocy
tes and neurons.

9. Signaling molecules
•Signaling molecules and growth
factors are biological mediators
that play critical roles regulation of
wound healing..
•The incorporation of growth
factors and signaling molecule in
tissue engineered scaffolds
facilitates sustained release of
these molecules.

10. SIGNALING MOLECULES
•Insulin like growth factor 1
•Transforming growth factor β
•Growth differentiation factor-5
•Periodontal ligament derived growth
factor
•Platelet-derived growth factor
•Fibroblast growth factor
•Bone morphogenetic proteins

11. Growth factors and their
actions
•Insulin-like growthfactor-1:Cell migration, proliferation,
differentiation and matrix synthesis.
•Transforming growth factor- beta1: Proliferation of
cementoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts.
•Growth differentiation factor-5:inhibits alkaline phosphatase
activity in human periodontal ligament cells.
•Platelet-derived growth factor:Migration, proliferation and
non-collagenous matrix synthesis.
•Fibroblast growth factor-2:Proliferation and attachment of
endothelial cells and periodontal ligament cells
•Bone Morphogenetic Protein :Proliferation, differentiation
of periodontal ligament cells into osteoblasts.

12. ScAffold
•A scaffold serves as a physical support to the wound
area and maintains and the shape of the defect.
Functions:
• serves as material for cellular adhesion, migration,
proliferation.
•restrict and act as a barrier so that no unwanted cell
can grow in wound area results in the production of
extracellular matrix and
•Serves as a delivery vehicle for growth factors.

13. Basic requirements of
scaffold
Bio-compatibility
Cell-occlusiveness
Tissue integration
Space-making
Clinical manageability –easy to trim and place

15. Recent advances
•Third Generation Membranes of GTR/GBR
i) Barrier membranes with Antimicrobial activity
ii) Barrier membranes with Bioactive Calcium
Phosphate incorporation
iii) Barrier membranes with Growth Factor release
•Electrospinning (e-spinning) for membrane
•Functionally Graded Multilayered membranes
•Platelet-Rich Fibrin membrane—An Autologous
membrane

16. Barrier membranes with Growth Factor Platelet-Rich Fibrin membrane

17. conclusion
•The Development Of New Therapies Tissue
Engineered Scaffolds Opened A New Era Of The
Periodontal Regeneration.
•In The Near Future Newer Approaches Will Be
Useful For regenerating Lost Tissues And May
Become Key In Regenerating Oral Function
Disrupted By Periodontal Disease.

18. THANK YOU