titrimetricanalysis BY TALHA SHAHID.pptx

TITRIMETRIC

1. Titrimetric analysis TALHA SHAHID

2. Content INTRODUCTION SOME DEFINITIONS TYPES OF TITRATION ACID BASE TITRATION TYPES OF THE ACID BASE TITRATI ON

3. Introduction Titration is a technique to determine the concentration of an unknown solution . Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration ( called a titrant or titrator) to a known volume of another solution of unknown concentration (called a titrant or analyte ) until the reaction reaches neutralization, which is often indicated by a color change. Also known as Titrimetry or Volumetric Titration .

4. Titration apparatus titrant analyte

5. SOME DEFINITIONS Titrant is the solution added from the burette. The equivalent point is the point at which the amount of acid and base present exactly neutralizes one another. (number of moles of OH - ions and number of moles of H + ions are equal) Indicator is a substance that is generally added to the solution in the receiving vessel an which undergoes some sort of colour change when reaction is over. The end point of titration is the point when the indicator changes colour .

6. Elements of Titration . . . The standard solution : the solution of known concentration. An accurately measured amount of standard solution is added during titration to the solution of unknown concentration until the equivalence or endpoint is reached. The analyte : the solution of unknown concentration is known as the analyte. During titration the titrant is added to the analyte in order to achieve the equivalence point and determine the concentration of the analyte.

7. Type of Titrations Classified into four types based on type of reaction involved ; Acid-base titrations Complexometric titrations Redox titrations Precipitation titrations

8. An acid-base titration is a procedure used in quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of either acid or a base. The equivalence of an acid-base titration is the point at which there are equal amounts (in moles) of H 3 O + and OH - in titration flask. Acid base titration

9. End point of titration – the point in a titration at which the indicator changes colour . The indicator should change colour sharply at the equivalence point. At the end point of the titration, - all the acid has been neutralised by the alkali - the solution in the conical flask contain salt and water only . H 3 O + + OH - H 2 O

10. Types of acid base titration Acidimetric Titration: Direct or residual volumetric analysis of a base with a standard acid. E.g. Assay of sodium bicarbonate. Alkalimetric Titration : it is an estimation of acidic drug by titration with the standard alkali. E.g. Assay of boric acid.