TM1-Pertemuan-7.ppt TM1-Pertemuan-7.pptm

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1. TM SISTEM MATA DAN TELINGA
PERTEMUAN 7
DR MAYANG ANGGRAINI
PRODIMIK, FAKULTAS ILMU-ILMU
KESEHATAN

2. KEMAMPUAN AKHIR YANG DIHARAPKAN
•Memahami ejaan istilah struktur dan fungsi, berbagai akar kata (Root),
definisi/arti dan ejaan istilah medisumum, medis penyakit/gangguan,
berikut istilahdiagnostik dan terapi-operasi sistem mata dan telinga.

3. SENSORY SYSTEM: THE EYE
STRUKTUR dan FUNGSI MATA
•Bola mata terletak di dalam rongga orbitmatadi bagian depan tengkorak
kepala.
•Struktur mata terbagi dalam 3 lapisan (tunics).
•Struktur menjalankan fungsi untuk menerimasinar cahaya, membelokkan
(refraksi)sinar cahaya terkait, dan mentransmisinya ke saraf sebagai
impuls yang dibangkitkan oleh sinar cahaya ke lobus opticus otak.

4. SENSORY SYSTEM: THE EYE (Lanjutan)
Begitu cahaya sampai lobus occipital, merekadiinterpretasi sebagai
gambar bayanganyang dilihat mata.
Visi mata sangat bergantung pada:
- kesehatan mata kita,
pengelihatan berkaitan dengan
-saraf, danotak kita.

5. AKAR KATA ORGAN MATA
Akar Kata Definisi Contoh Istilah B. Penggabung
aque/o- = watery (cair mirip air) aqueous humor
blephar/o- = eyelid (kelopak mata) blepharoptosis
conjuntiv/o- = conjunctiva(konjuntiva) conjunctivitis
corne/o- = cornea(kornea) corneoblepharon
dacry/o- = tears (air mata) dacryoma
dacrycyst/o-= tear sac dacryocele/
(kantung a. mata) dacrocystocele

6. (Lanjutan-1)
Akar Kata Definisi Contoh Istilah B. Penggabung
glauc/o- = silver, gray(keperakan) glaucoma
ir/o-; irid/o- = iris iridectomy
kerat/o- = kornea keratoconjunctivitis
lacrim/o- = air mata lacrimation
ocul/o- = mata oculomycosis
ophthalm/o-= mata ophthalmoplegia

7. (Lanjutan-2)
Akar Kata Definisi Contoh Istilah
B. Penggabung
opt/o = mata, vision optic, optical
palpebr/o = kelopak mata palpebra,palpebral
phac/o-; phak/o-= lensa mata phacometer
phot/o- = light(cahaya) photophobia
pupill/o- = pupilmata pupillometer

8. (Lanjutan-3)
Akar Kata Definisi Contoh Istilah
B. Penggabung
retin/o- = retina retinopathy
retinitis
retinoscopy
scler/o- = sclera, sklera (keras) scleroplasty
sclerokeratitis
uve/o = uvea uveitis
vitre/o- = glassy; yelly-like corpus vitrium

9. STRUKTUR MATA
Struktur mata terbagi menjadi 3 lapisan
tunics:
- lapisan terluar = Sclera
- lapisan tengah = Choroid
- lapisan terdalam = Retina
Pada masing lapisan ada struktur tambahanyang mempunyai fungsi spesifik
terkait pengelihatan.
(Lihat gambar: Mata)

10. (Lanjutan-1)
Lapisan terluar, terdiri dari:
-Sclera: jaringan fibrosakuat pembentuk
tampilan bola mata, dan pelindung bagian terluar mata
-Cornea: bagian transparan(luar) mata penutup iris mata
-Conjunctiva: selaput mukosa pembatasbagian luar mata serta bagian
dalam kelopak mata.

11. (Lanjutan-2)
•Lapisantengah, terdiridari:
-Choroid: lapisanjaringandi bawahsklerayang mengandungbanyak
pembuluhdarahdansaraf.
-Iris: ototmengelilingipupil mata,menimbulkanwarnakhususmata.
Iris mengaturlebarlobangbulatanpupil untukmengontrolsinar
cahayayang lewat.
-Pupil: bulatanbagiantertengahmata
-Crystalline lens: kedudukanlensadihubungkankechoroid oleh
Corpus cilliarisyang ditahanolehSuspentoryligaments
-Choroid, iris, corpus cilliarismenjadisatu
kesatuanyang disebut; UVEA

12. (Lanjutan-4)
Lapisan Terdalam:
-Retina: jaringan saraf sensoris yang membungkus bagian dalam mata,
terdiri dari susunansel saraf rods & cones,yang mengkonversi
gelombang sinar menjadi impuls saraf.
-Rods: bertanggungjawab terhadap visi (ketajaman pengelihatan) pada
cahaya redup dan periferal
-Cones:bertanggungjawab terhadap visi padacahaya terang, sentral dan
warna.
-Optic disk (discus opticus): area di belakang mata tempat berhentinya
ujung saraf mata yang berasal dari retina bersatu menjadi
Nervus Opticus (Saraf cranialis ke 2)
-Nervus opticus menstranmisi impuls ke lobus occipitalis otak besar
(cerebrum).

13. CAVITIES of the EYE
Bagianinterior mataada2 (dua) kavitas:
(1) Anterior cavity: terdiridarianterior chamber yangadadi depanlensa
danpostriorchamberyangadadi bagianarea di belakanglensa.
(2) Posterior cavity: cavitasterisisubstansibeningsepertijelly yang
disebutVitreushumoryang membentukfisikbola mata.
Vitreous humor diperlukanuntukpengelihatan,apabilabola matacederadan
cairaninimengalirkeluarmakaakanmengakibatkan: kebutaan.
Agueousdanvitreous humor membantupembiasansinarcahayasewaktu
melintasmasukkebola matamenujukeretina.

14. Cont.-
•When an object is near,the lens is shortenedand becomes thicker; when
an object is distant,the lens is lengthenedand become thinner.
•Ametropiais a general term that means the eye has a refractive error (an
error in focusing), such as:
- myopia,
- hyperopia,
- astigmatism or
- anisometropia.
•None of these is a disease in the ordinary sense of the word, they are
caused simply by:
variations of shape
and
focusingabilityof theeye.

15. Reading:The Eye
HYPEROPIA
Hyperopia(farsightedness): light rays focus behindthe retinatends to run in
the families.
Mild and moderate in the young is overcome by accommodationcorrection
can be done by glassesor contact lens with convex lensesto reinforce focusing
power.

16. (CONT.-2) MYOPIA
Myopia(nearsightedness): light rays focus in thefront of the retina.
uncorrected myopia, the images of distant objects are focused in
front of the retina and appear blurred
reduced by a concave(negative) lens

17. Reading:The Eye (Cont.-3)
•Presbyopia is the progressive loss of accomodation(ability to focus at near
range) with age.
•Amblyopia (poor vision in one eye without any obviousstructural
abnormality) (lazy eye) is often due to strabismus.
•The external eye:
Behind the brilliant transparency of thecornea is the fluid-filled front
chamber of the eye.
At the back is the iris, with the round pupil in the center.

18. Reading:The Eye (Cont.-4)
•Movement of the eye:
Movement of each eyeball occurs as the result of contraction of one or
more of the musclesattached around it.
There are six of these muscles, each one of which pulls the eyein a specific
direction.
•Investigation:
Because of the transparency of its structures, the eyeis particularly
accessible for examination.
Many of the disease processes affecting it canbe viewed directly byuse of
the ophthalmo-scope and slit lamp. Photography of the retina and
fluorescein angiographyare also used.

19. Reading:The Eye (Cont.-6)
•Disorders of eyelashes:
Eyelashes are arranged in two rows at the front edge of each lid and curve
outward. Growth in an abnormal direction may due to injury to the lid or,
more commonly, infection.
Occasionally. Lashes grow in an abnormal direction for no obvious reason.
With age, the lashes become finer.

20. Reading:The Eye (Cont.-7)
•Severe blepharitis (eyelid infection) may causethe lid margins to be so
damaged that lash roots are destroyed.
Trachoma,an eye infectionin which the lid is distorted by scarring, may
lead to trichiasis,a condition in which the lashes turn inward.
They may rub against the cornea, causing corneal abrasion.
•Eyestrain:
A term often used to describe aching or discomfort in the eye.
Eyestrain is not accept the popular belief
that the eyes can be damaged by being
used.

21. Eye drops
Medication in solution for the treatment of theeye disorders or to aid in
diagnosis.
To use eye drops, the lower lid is held away from the eye and the drop
allowed to fall behind it.
Care shouldbe taken to avoid touching the skin or eye with the dropper to
reduce the risk of contamination.
Common examples of drugsgiven in this form are:
- antibiotics,
- corticosteroids,
- antihistamines,
- drugs to control glaucoma, and
- drugs to dilate or
- constrict the pupil.

22. STRUKTUR ASESORIS MATA
Strukturasesorimatameliputi:
-orbit = eye socket (bagiantulang)
-eyebrows(alismata)
-eyelids (kelopakmata, atasdanbawah)
-eyelashes(bulumata)
-oil glands(kelenjarminyak) =meibomianglandsantaraconjunctiva
danjaringankeduakelopakmata

23. (Lanjutan)
-lacrimal glands (kelenjar air mata) (di bagian luar)
-fluid(cairan)
-lacrimal sacs(kantung) (bagian duct yangmelebar)
-lacrimal ducts. Nasolacrimal duct
Fungsi struktur asesori adalah melindungi mata dari penyakit dan cedera.

24. ISTILAH MEDIS TERKAIT MATA
Istilahmedisterkaitmataterbagidalam3 (tiga) kategoriutama:
(1)Istilahmedisumum
(2)Istilahmedispenyakitdankondisi
(3)Istilahmedisprosedurdiagnostik, operasi, test-test laboratorium.

25. (Lanjutan)
Contoh: Roots dan Prefixes untuk Mata:
Root:Arti Prefix Arti
blast/o-= imatur ect- = di luar/bagian Luar
dipl/o-= dua/dobelen-; eso-= dalam/ke dalam
fund/o-= fundus ex =luar/ke luar(dasar)
intra- = di dalam
presby-= tua

26. Contoh Suffixes untuk Mata
Suffix Arti Suffix Arti
-ectomy = operasi -scope = instrumen
mengangkat untukmelihat
-ist = spesialis -tropia= membelok
-itis = inflamasi -tropion= pembelokan
-metry = mengukur
-opia = visi
-(o)tomy = insisikedalam
-pathy = penyakit
-plasty = operasi
perbaikan
-ptosis = jatuh/turun

27. ISTILAH MEDIS UMUM MATA
•Istilah Arti
•intraocular = berkaitandenganbag. dalammata
•lacrimal = berkaitandenganair mata
•miotic = berkaitankonstriksipupil (obat)
•nasolacrimal = berkaitandenganhidungdansaluranair mata
•ophthalmologsit= spesialismata
•ophthalmology = ilmupenyakitmata
•optician = ahlikacamata
•optometrist = dokteroptometry
•optometry = mengukurdanmentestketajaman
pengelihatandankoreksilensa
•visual acuity = ketajamanpengelihatan

28. ISTILAH PENYAKIT & GANGGUAN MATA
Istilah Definisi
astigmatism= eror refraksi mata yang menga-
kibatkan sinar cahaya tidak terfokus normal di retina,
disebabkan oleh bentuk kornea yang tidak normal.
Kode ICD-10(67) (compound)(congenital)(any type)
H52.2
[400] H52 Disorders of refraction & accommod.
H52.0 Hypermetropia
H52.1 MyopiaExc.: ...
H52.2 Astigmatism

29. (Lanjutan-1)
Istilah Definisi
blepharitis = inflamasi kelopak mata
Kode ICD-10 (79) (angularis)(ciliaris)(eyelid)(mar-
ginal)(nonulcerative)(squamous)
ulcertaive) H01.0
H01 Other inflammation of eyelid
[380] H01.0 Blepharitis. Excl.: ....
blepharoptosis = kelopak mata menurun
Kode ICD-10 (79) H02.4
-congenital Q10.0
[380]H02.4 Ptosis of eyelid

30. (Lanjutan-2)
Istilah Definisi
cataract = pengeruhan progresif lensa mata
Kode ICD-10 (99)
(cortical)(immature)(incipient) (see
also Cataracta) H26.9
(100) Cataracta (see also Cataract) H26.9
[390] H26 Other cataract Excl.: ...
H26.0 s/d H26.4, H26.8
H26.9 Cataract, unspecified

31. (Lanjutan-3)
Istilah Definisi
chalazion= benjolan/kista di kelopak mata yangtimbul akibat
kelenjar meibomiantersumbat
Kode ICD-10 (102) H00.1
[380] H00 Hordeolum and chalazion
H00.0 Hordeolum & other deep inflam. ...
H00.1Chalazion
conjunctivitis= inflamasi konjungtiva
Kode ICD-10 (152) (in)(due to) H10.9
[383] H10.9 Conjunctivitis, unspecified.

32. (Lanjutan-4)
Istilah Definisi
dacryocystitis= inflamasi pada kantung air mata
Kode ICD-10 (172) (acute)(phlegmonous) H04.3
[382] H04.3 Acute and unspecified inflammation
of lacrimal passages
Excl.: ...
detached retina/=retina lepas dari lapisan choroidablatio retinamata
Kode ICD-10 (199) Detachment retina (without
retinal break) H33.2
-with retinal break H33.0
[392]H33.0 atau H33.2 (ada/tidak retinal break)

33. (Lanjutan-5)
Istilah Definisi
color blind =tidak mampu mengenal warnatertentu
(tidak bisa “melihat”)
Kode ICD-10 (79) Blind -see also Blindness
Blindness color H53.5
[401-402] H53.5 Colours vision deficiencies. Excl.:
diabetic retinopathy=gangguan retina berikutpembuluh Darahnya pada
DM yang tak terkontrol dengan baik
Kode ICD-10 (555) diabetic (see alsoE10-E14 with
4th character .3) E14.3 H36.0*
[252-254] Unspecified DM with ophthalmic compli-
cation (retinopathy).

34. (Lanjutan-6)
Istilah Definisi
diplopia = visi dobel/pengelihatan dobel
Kode ICD-10 (204) H53.2
[401] H53.2 Diplopia
Double vision
ectropion= margin bulu mata terbalik ke
luar (> pada kelopak bawah)
Kode ICD-10 (245) H02.1
[380] H02 Other disorders of eyelid
Excl.: congenital malformation of eyelid (Q...)
H02.1 Ectropion of eyelid

35. (Lanjutan-7)
Istilah Definisi
entropion >< ectropion
Kode ICD-10 (259) (cicatrical)(eyelid)(paralytic)
(senile)(spastic) H02.0
[380] H02.0 Entropion and trichiasis of eyelid
esotropia= starbismus konvengens (cross-eyed)
Kode ICD-10 (264) (alternating)(monocular)H50.0
[399] H50.0 Convergent concomitant strabismus
exophthalmia(exophthalmos) =mata menonjol ke
Kode ICD-10 (267) H05.2 luar.
[382] H05.2 Exophthalmic conditions

36. (Lanjutan 8)
Istilah Definisi
exotropia= bola mata memutar ke luar
(divergent strabismus) (walleyed)
Kode ICD-10 (267) (alternating)(monocular) H50.1[399] H50
Other strabismus
H50.1 Divergent concomitant strabismus
Exotropia (alternating)(monocular),
except intermittent
strabismus= juling
Kode ICD-10 (593) (alternating)(congenital)(non-
paralytic) H50.9
[400] H50.9 Strabismus, unspecified

37. (Lanjutan-9)
Istilah Definisi
glaucoma = tekanan intraocular meninggi
Kode ICD-10 (297-298) H40.9
[395] H40.9 Glaucoma, unspecified.
hordeolum = infeksi bakterial pada kelenjarminyak
atau folikel bulu mata(sty) (bintiten)
Kode ICD-10 (324) (eyelid)(external)(internal)
(recurrent) H00.0
[380] H00.0 Hordeolum and other deep inflam-
mation of eyelid
(abscess, furuncle, Stye) of eyelid

38. (Lanjutan 10)
Istilah Definisi
iritis= inflamasi dari iris mata
Kode ICD-10 (381) (see also Iridocyclitis) H20.9
[387] H20.9 Iridocylitis, unspecified
keratitis= inflamasi dari kornea mata
Kode ICD-10 (386) (nonulceration) H16.9
[385] H16.9 Keratitis, unspecified
hyperopia =gangguan pengelihatan jarak dekat (rabun dekat)
Kode ICD-10 (330) H52.0
[400] H52.0 Hypermetropia

39. (Lanjutan 11)
Istilah Definisi
myopia = gangguan pengelihatan jarak
jauh (rabun jauh)
Kode ICD-10 (433) (axial)(congenital)(progressive)
[400]H52.1 Excl.: degenerative myopia (H44.2)
nyctalopia= gangguan pengelihatan pada malam hari
Kode ICD-10 (481) (night blindness) H53.6
-vitamin A deficiency E50.5 H58.1*
[264] E50.5 Vit. A deficiency with night blindness
[404] H58.1* Visual disturbances in diseases
classified elsewhere.

40. (Lanjutan 12)
Istilah Definisi
photophobia= peka abnormal terhadap cahaya(silau)
Kode ICD-10 (513) Photophobia H53.1
[401] H53.1 Subjective visual disturbances
Excl: visual hallucinations (R44.1)
photoretinitis= kerusakan atau peradangan
retina akibat terlampau banyak
terpajan sinar cahaya
Kode ICD-10 (513) H31.0
[391] H31.0 Chorioretinal scare; solar retinopathy

41. (Lanjutan-13)
Istilah Definisi
presbyopia = gangguan membaca pada jarak yang
umum (kira-kira jarak satu kaki dari mata), karena lanjut
usia (akibat elastisitet lensa menurun)
Kode ICD-10 (533) H52.4
[400] H52.4 Presbyopia
pterygium = pertumbuhan iregular disertaipenebalan
konjungtiva di daerah nasal kornea mata
Kode ICD-10 (543) (eye) H11.0
[383] H11.0 Pterigium.
Excl.: pseudopterygium

42. (Lanjutan-14)
Istilah Definisi
retinitis pigmentosa= penyakit degenerasi retinatanpa inflamasi 
mengganggupengelihatan malam hari disertai penyempitan
medan pengelihatan.
Kode ICD-10 (555) pigmentosa H35.5
[394] H35.5 Hereditary retinal dystrophy
retinoblastoma = tumor ganas retina
Kode ICD-10(555) (M9510/3) C69.2
[1046] M9510/3 Retinoblastoma NOS (C69.2)
[190] C69.2 Retina
C69 Malignant neoplasm of eye and adnexa
Excl.: ....

43. (Lanjutan-15)
Istilah Definisi
retinopathy= gangguan/penyakit retina
Kode ICD-10 (555) (background)(Coats)(exudative)
(hypertensive) H35.0
[393] H35.0 Background retinopathy and retinal
vascular changes.
nystagmus = gerak involunter mata yang bisa
dirasakan atau tidak dirasa oleh
yang bersangkutan
Kode ICD-10 (481) (congenital)(deprivation)
(dissociated)(latent) H55
[404] H55.X Nystagmus and other irregular eye
movements

44. (Lanjutan-16)
Istilah Definisi
sclerokeratitis=inflamasi sklera dan kornea
Kode ICD-10 (567) H16.8
[385] H16.8 Other keratitis
strabismus=mata tidak mampu untuk memandang lurus ke satu
arah akibat kelemahan otot mata(juling/kero)
Kode ICD-10 (593) (alternating)(congenital)(non-
paralytic) H50.9
[400] H50.9 Strabismus, unspecified

45. (Lanjutan-17)
Istilah Definisi
trachoma=infeksi kronik menular pada konjungtiva dengan
tanda dan gejala hipertrofi dari konjungtiva
Kode ICD-10(624) trachomatous A71.9
[127-128] A71.9 Trachoma, unspecified.
uveitis =inflamasi pada iris, corpus cilliaris dan choroid mata.
Kode ICD-10 (646) (anterior)(see also Iridocyclitis)
[387] H20.9 Iridocyclitis, unspecified

46. ISTILAH TIDANKAN DIAGNOSTIK & TERAPI
MATA
Istilah Definisi
blepharoplasty = operasi plastik kelopak mata
corneal transplant = transplantasi kornea mata
cryoextraction of = mengangkat lensa mata dengan
the lens alat (probe) pendingin
enucleation of the eye= mengangkat bola mata dari orbit
extracapsuar cataract= mengangkat lensa berserta
extraction (ECCE) segmen anterior kapsul lensa
funduscopy = memeriksa bagian fundus mata (belakang dari
bagian dalam mata) dengan ophthalmoscope
iridectomy = eksisi iris mata

47. (Lanjutan-1)
Istilah Definisi
intraocular lens implant= implantasi lensa mata, umumnya bersamaan
dengan ekstraksi katarak
keratoplasty = operasi plastik kornea
ophthalmoscope = instrument untuk melihat ke bagian dalam mata
ophthalmoscopy = proses pemeriksaan mata bagian interior (dalam)
phacoemulsification= penghancuran lensa mata/ katarak menjadi
partikel halus yang bisa disedot keluar
(sucction/aspiration)

48. (Lanjutan-2)
Istilah Definisi
photo-refractive= pengangkatan sel-2 lapisankornea untuk mengkoreksi
keratectomy(PRK)keadaan myopia
radical keratomy(RK) = spokelike incisionske dalam kornea untuk
mengkoreksirabun jauh
retinal photocoagulation= operasi plastik retina untuk mengkoreksi retina
yang lepas(detachment) dan mencegah perdarahan pembuluh darah retina.

49. (Lanjutan-3)
Istilah Definisi
scleral bucking= perbaikan retina lepas denganmenreseksi atau melipat
sclera ke dalam
trabeculectomy= eksisi bagian kornea dan jaringan sklera untuk mengurangi
tekanan intraocular
virectomy = pengangkatan semua bagian vitreuos humor

50. Code ICD-9-CM Vol 3
1.blepharoplasty-see also Reconstruction, eyelid 08.70
2. Funduscopy-
3. iridectomy -(basal)(buttonhole)(optical)(perpheral)
(total) 12.14
-with ...
-capsulectomy 13.65
dst.
4. Keratoplasty -(tectonic)(with autograft)(with
homograft) 11.60
-
dst.

51. (Lanjutan-1)
5. ophthalmoscopy -16.21
6. vitrectomy -(mechanical)(posterior approach) 14.74
-with scleral buckling 14.49’
-anterior approach 14.73
7. photocoagulation
-ciliary body 12.73
-eye, eyeball 16.99
-iris 12.41
-orbital lesion 16.92
dst.
8. enucleation-see also Excission, lesion, by site
-eyeball 16.49
--with implant (into Tenon’s capsule) 16.42 --
with attachment of muscles 16.41

52. (Lanjutan-3)
9. phacoemulsification (ultrasonic)(with aspiration) 13.41
10. cryoextraction , lens -see also Extraction, cataract,
intracapsular 13.19
Extraction lens (eye) -see also Extraction, cataract
13.19
13.19 Other intracapsular extraction of lens
Cataract extraction NOS
Cryoextraction of lens
Erysiphake extraction of cataract
Extraction of lens NOS

53. ABBREVIATIONS
•AbbreviationIstilah lengkap
EOM = extraocular movement
ICCE = intracapsular cataract extraction
IOL = intraocular lens
IOP = intraocular pressure
OD = oculus dextra (dexter)
OS = oculus sinistra (sinister)
OU = oculus uterque(each eye)
PERRLA = pupil equal, round, reactive to light andaccommodation
PRK = photo-reactive keratectomy
REM = rapid eye movement
RK = radical keratotomy
VA = visual acuity.
VF = visual field

54. SISTEM SESORIS: TELINGA
•Struktur telinga terdiri dari:
-Bagian terluar di kanan kiri kepala disebut
-External ear (telinga luar)
•Struktur internal terletak di dalam tengkorak kepala terbagi menjadi:
-Middle ear(telinga tengah)
-Inner ear(telinga dalam)
•Secara menyeluruh struktur telinga berfungsi untukmenjalankan tugas:
(1) menerima sensoris pendengaran
(2) menjadi organ sensoris kesetimbangan tubuh

55. HEARING PATHWAY
Suara masuk telinga
ke bagian tengah
ke bagian dalam,
di sini diubah jadi impuls listrik
ditransmisi ke cortex cerebri untuk
di-interpretasikan sebagai pendengaran.

56. AKAR KATA: TELINGA
•Akar Kata Definisi
B. Penggabung
acoust/o- = hearing(pendengaran)
audio/o- = pendengaran; suara
cochle/o- = cochlea(koklea)
labyrinth/o- = inner sac; labyrinth (telinga tengah)
myring/o- = eardrum (genderang telinga)
ot/o- = ear (telinga)
staped/o- = stapes; middle ear bone (tulang
telinga tengah)
tympan/o- = eardrum

57. STRUKTUR TELINGA
•Telinga eksterna(luar) (external ear) meliputi:
(1)auricle (pinna)= daun telinga yang terdiri dari tulang rawan,
berfungsi sebagai pengarah jalan masuknya gelombang suara ke dalam
telinga.
(2)External cannal (auditory cannal) = saluran telinga yang terlapisi
rambut ciliadan ceruminous glands(kelenjar kotoran telinga).
Ciliamengatur arah gelombang suara melalui canal.
Kelenjar serumen menghasilkancerumen (earwax)
berfungsi sebagai pelindung dan pelumat telinga

58. (Lanjutan-1)
(3)Tympanic membrane (eardrum)(genderangtelinga) memisahkan
telingaluardaritelingatengahberfungsimentransmisi
gelombangsuarakedalamtelingatengah.
Telingatengah(middle ear)meliputi3 (tiga)
tulangkecil= Ossicles
(4)malleus = bagianyang terdekatkegenderang=
hammer (bentukpukulbesi).
(5)incus = anvil, miripbentukalas pandaibesi

59. (Lanjutan-2)
(6)stapes = stirrup karena mirip bentuk alas injak kaki pelana kuda, dan
(7)Telinga tengah= eustachian tube yang menghubungkan telinga
tengah ke pharynx.Menguap danmenelan akan membuka saluran
ini untuk mengaturtekanan antara telinga tengah dan udara luar.
Gelombang suara memvibrasi genderang menggerakan tulang-
tulangmalleus mentransmisi ke incus stapes memvibrasi ke
(8) oval window = penyekat batas telinga tengah dan
dalam.

60. (Lanjutan-3)
•Telinga bagian dalam labyrinth meliputi:
(9)vestibule
(10) semicircular cannals
(11) cochlea yang berbentuk spiral miriprumah siputterisi:
- cairan dan
- organ corti.

61. (Lanjutan)
Organ cortiberfungsi sebagai penerima vibrasisuara dan mengkonversi ke
dalam impuls saraf yang olehsaraf acoustic diteruskan ke otak dan dikenal
sebagai suara khusus.
Canalis semisirkularisberlanjut ke vestibul dan berisi cairan yang diperlukan
untuk kesetimbangan (balance) tubuh dan keseimbangan (equilibrium).

62. TERMINOLOGI MEDIS terkait TELINGA
Istilah medis telinga dikelompokkanmenjadi 3 (tiga):
(1)Istilah medis umum
(2)Istilah medis penyakit atau gangguan
(3) Istilah medis prosedur:
-diagnostik,
-operasi,
-tes-teslaboratorium.

63. (Lanjutan)
Akarkata/ Arti Suffix Arti
b. penggabung
Laryng/o- = larynx-cusis; cusiapendengaran
Myc/o- = jamur-oma tumor
Rhin/o- = hidung-rrhae alirankeluar
-(o)tomy insisikedalam
-plasty operasiplastik
-metry mengukur
-gram gambar
Prefix Arti
Old tua/ manula

64. ISTILAH MEDIS UMUM terkait TELINGA
Istilah Arti
Acoustic = terkait pendengaran
Audiologist = seorang spesialis pengevaluasi
ketajaman pendengaran dan tuli
Audiology = ilmu tentang pendengaran
Auditory = terkait pendengaran
Cochlear = terkait cohlea telinga
Otologist = dokter spesialis ilmu pengobatan
penyakit/gangguan telinga
Otorhinolaryngologist = dokter spesialis THT
Otorhinolaryngology= ilmu ENT (THT)
Otology = ilmu telinga
Otoscope = alat untuk memeriksa telinga.

65. ISTILAH MEDIS PENYAKIT/
GANGGUAN TELINGA(Kode ICD-10)
ISTILAH DEFINISI
1.acoustic neuroma = tumor benign saraf akoustik
Kode ICD-10 (476) (nerve) (M9560/0) D33.3
[1046] M9560/0 Neurilemmoma NOS
[218] D33.3 Benign neoplasm, Cranial nerves,
olfactory bulb. (???)
2.cholesteatoma = masa kistik/tumor yang tumbuh lambat, terjadi
dari kumpulan debris epitel dan cholesterol, sering timbul di telinga
tengah
Kode ICD-10 (105) H71
[412] H71 Cholestetoma of middle ear
Incl.: ... Excl.: ...

66. (Lanjutan-1)
ISTILAH DEFINISI
3. impacted cerumen = akumulasi eksesif cerumen
Kode ICD-10 (102) Cerumen (accumulation)
(impacted) H61.2
[409] H61.2 Impacted cerumen (wax in ear)
4. conductive deafness = tuli akibat gangguan transmisi
gelombang suara melalui telinga luar/tengah
Kode ICD-10 (173)H90.2
[415] H90.2 Conductive hearing loss, unspecified
Conductive deafness NOS

67. (Lanjutan-2)
ISTILAH DEFINISI
5.labyrinthitis= inflamasi atau infeksi telinga dalam
Kode ICD-10 (391) (circumscribed)(destructive)
(diffuse)(inner ear)(latent)(purulent)
(suppurative) H83.0
[414] H83.0 Labyrinthitis
6.Meniere’s diseases = penyakit kronik telinga dalam
dengan gejala akumulasi eksesif cairan di dalamnya.
Kode ICD-10 (420) , syndrome or vertigo H81.0
[413] H81.0 Meniere disease
(Baca Excl.: pada H81)

68. (Lanjutan-3)
ISTILAH DEFINISI
7.myringitis = inflamasi atau infeksi genderang telinga
Kode ICD-10 (433) H73.8
[412] H73.8 Other specified disorders of the
tympanic membrane
8.otalgia/earache=sakit telinga
Kode ICD-10 (492) H92.0
(244) earache H92.0
[416] H92.0 Otalgia

69. (Lanjutan-4)
ISTILAH DEFINISI
9.otitis externa= radang atau infeksi saluran telinga luar (swimmer’s ear)
Kode ICD-10 (493) H60.9 acute H60.5
chronic H60.8
[408] H60.9 Otitis externa, unspecified.
10.otitis media= radang atau infeksi telingatengah.
Kode ICD-10 (493) H66.9 (acute, chronic, subacute)
[411] H66.9 Otitis media, unspecified
(NOS, acute NOS, chronic NOS)

70. (Lanjutan-5)
ISTILAH DEFINISI
11.otomycosis = infeksi telinga luar akibat jamur (di external
auditory meatus)
Kode ICD-10 (493) (diffuse)(in) B36.9 H62.2*
[409] H62.2* Otitis externa in mycoses
Otomycosis NOS (B36.9 )
12. otorrhea = pengeluaran cairan dari telinga
Kode ICD-10 (493) H92.1
[416] H92.1 Otorrhoea
Excl.: traumatic otorrhagia –code by
type of injury.

71. (Lanjutan-6)
ISTILAH DEFINISI
13. otosclerosis = kekakuan telinga (bagian stapes)
Kode ICD-10 (493-494) H80.9
[413] H80.9 Otosclerosis, unspecified.
14. perforation of the tympanic membrane
=genderang telinga ruptur atau berlobang
Kode ICD-10 (505 –507) (persistent post traumatic)
(post inflammatory) H72.9
-traumatic S09.2
[412] H72.9 Perforation of t. Membrane, unspec.

72. (Lanjutan-7)
ISTILAH DEFINISI
15.presbycusis = gangguan pendengaran pada manula
Kode ICD-10 (533) presbyacusia H91.1
[415] H91.1 Presbycusis (presbyacusia)
16.sensoneural deafness= tuli sensoneural akibatkerusakan sel saraf
auditori atau jaringan
Kode ICD-10 (173) –sensorineural H90.5
[415] H90.5 Sensorineural hearing loss,
unspecified
Congenital deafness NOS
dst.

73. (Lanjutan-8)
ISTILAH DEFINISI
17.serous otitis media = infeksi telinga tengah disertai akumulasi cairan
serosa (jernih/bening)
Kode ICD-10 (493) Otitis media acute serous H65.0
Otitis media chronic serous H65.2
[409 –410] H65.0 Acute serous otitis media
H65.2 Chronic serous otitis media
18.suppurative otitis media= infeksi telinga tengah disertai pengeluaran
nanah
OM acute suppurative H66.0
OM chronic suppurative H66.3

74. (Lanjutan-9)
ISTILAH DEFINISI
19.tinnitus = sensasi mendengung di telinga
Kode ICD-10 (622) (audible)(aurium)(subjective)
[416] H93.1 Tinnitus
20.tympanitis = radang pada membrane tympani
Kode ICD-10 (638-639) H73.8
[412] -chronic H73.1; acute H73.0
21.vertigo =pusing, terasa terputar-putar.
Kode ICD-10 (650)R42 (baca rinciannya!)

75. ISTILAH MEDIS
TINDAKAN DIAGNOSTIK dan TERAPI
Istilah Definisi
audiogram = gambargrafikketajamanpendengaran
audiometry = instrumenpengukurketajamanpendengaran
myringoplasty = operasiplastikperbaikangenderangtelinga
myringotomy = insisigenderangtelinga
myringotomyand tubes = insisigenderangtelingadisertaiinsersitube /
untukjalanmengalirkeluarcairan
otoplasty = operasiplastikperbaikansatuataukeduatelinga

76. ISTILAH MEDIS
TINDAKAN DIAGNOSTIK dan TERAPI (Lanjutan)
Istilah Definisi
otoscopy = menggunakanotoscopeuntukmelihatkeadaan
genderangtelinga
Rinnetest = test pembedakonduksigelombangsuaramelaluitulang
danudaradenganalatgarputara
Stapedectomy= insisistapes telinga
Tympanoplasty= operasiplastikperbaikangenderangtelinga
Tympanotomy= insisigenderangtelinga
Weber test = pemeriksaanketajamanpendengaranpenentuadanya
gangguanakibatdefisitKonduktifatausensoneural

77. ABBREVIATIONS
AbbreviationsArti
AC = air condition
AD = aurisdextra(telingakanan)
AS = aurissinistra(telingakiri)
AU= aurisunitas(masingtelinga)
BC = bone conduction (konduksitulang)
BOM= bilateral otitis media
EENT= eyes, ears, nose, throat
ENT= ear, nose, throat
TM = tympanic membrane

78. READING 1: OTITIS MEDIA
•Inflammationof the middle ear (the cavity between the eardrumand the
inner ear)
Causes:
The inflammation occurs as the result of an upper respiratory tract
infection,
extending up the eustachian tube, the passage that connects the back of
the nose to the middle ear.
•The tube may become blocked by the inflammation or sometimes by
enlarged adenoids,which are often associated with infections of the nose
and throat.
As a result, fluid produced by the inflammation along with pus in bacterial
infectionsis not drained off through the tube but accumulates in the
middle ear.

79. Reading:(Cont.-2)
The chronic phase of otitis media (otitis media with effusion) followsan upper
respiratory infection that has produced acute otitis media.
Incidence:
Children are susceptible by otitis media, probably because of the shortness
of their eustachian tubes. About one in six children suffers from the acute
form in the first year of life about one in 10 in each of the next six years.
Some children have recurrent attacks. Chronic otitis media is much less
common because, in most cases, attacks of acute middle-ear infection
clear with treatment.

80. Reading (Cont.-2)
Symptomsand Signs
Acute otitis media is marked by sudden, severe otalgia,a feeling of
fullness in the ear, deafness, tinnitus, and fever.
Sometimes the eardrum bursts, relievingthe pain and resulting in an
otorrhea of pus. In this case, healing usually occurs in several days.
In chronic otitis media,pus constantly exudes from a perforation in the
eardrumand there is some degree of deafness.
Complication of the condition include otitis externa, damage to the bones
in the middle ear, causing more deafness (sometime total) in the
affected ear; or a cholesteatoma.
In rare cases, infection spreads inward from an infected ear causing
mastoiditisor a brainabscess

81. Reading (Cont.-4)
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is usually made from examining the ears with an otoscope.
A swab may be taken of any dischargeso that the organism responsible
for the infection can be culturedand identified.
Treatment:
AOMis treated by giving antibioticdrugs and analgesics.
Usually the condition clears up completely with treatment, but in some
cases there is continual production of sticky fluidin the middle ear, a
condition known as persistent middle-ear effusion

82. Reading (Cont.-6)
COM is treated by sucking out pus and infected debris from the ear as
necessary.
Antibiotic ear drops may be given if this does not adequately control the
condition.

83. Medical Terms:
Otoplasty = ...
Otorrhea =....
Otosceloris (> inherited) =progressive conductive deafness. 1/200 started
in early adulthood, > women than men,often develops
during pregnancy)
Ototoxicity = keracunan telinga (kerusakan bisa padacochlea dan canalis
semicircularis dalamtelinga dalam)gangguan
pendengaran dan kesetimbangan
Otoscope =...

84. READING 2:DEAFNESS
Complete or partial inability to hear.
Total deafness is rare and is usually congenital.
Partial deafness, ranging from mild to severe, is most commonly the result
of :
- an ear disease,
- injury, or
- degeneration of the hearing
mechanism with age.

85. (Cont.-)
All deafness is either conductiveor sensorineural.
Conductive deafness is faulty transportation of sound from the outer to
the inner ear, usually due to damage to the eardrum or the three
connected bonesin the middle ear –the malleus, incus and stapes.
In sensorineural deafness, sounds that reach the inner ear fail to be
transmitted to the brain because of damage to the structures within the
inner earor to the acoustic nerve, which connects the inner ear to the
brain.

86. (Cont.-)
Causes:
Conductive deafness:
In an adult, the most common cause of conductive deafness is earwax
blocking the outer ear canal.
Less commonly, otosclerosis(the stapes loses its normal mobility) may be
responsible.
In a child, OM is by far the most common cause of this types of deafness.

87. READING 2: DEAFNESS (Cont.-2)
Rarely, conductive deafness can be caused by barotrauma, orby a perforated
eardrum as the result:
- of injury,
- a middle-ear infection,
- or surgery on the ear.
•Sensorineural deafness:
Defects of the inner ear are sometime congenital due:
-to an inherited fault in a chromosome,
-to birth injury, or
-to damage to the developing fetus –as the result of the mother
having had rubelladuring pregnancy.
Damage to the inner ear may also occur soon after birth as the result of
severe jaundice.

88. READING 2: DEAFNESS (Cont.-3)
Sensorineural deafness that develops in later life can be caused by:
- prolonged exposure to loud noise,
- Meniere’ s disease(increased fluid pressure in the
labyrinth),
- certain drugs (such as streptomycin)or by
- some viral infections.
All damage the cochlea and/or labyrinth. These structures also degenerate
naturally with old age (presbycusis)
Damage to the acoustic nervemay be the result of an acoustic neuroma.
As the acoustic neuroma enlarge, it causes increasing deafness.