TOBACCO CATERPILLAR

Tobacco caterpillar pest on tobacco

1. 1 SUBMITTED BY:- P ASALA.RAMYA DATE – 26 -9-2018 SUBMITTED TO- VINUTHA mam

2. Tobacco caterpillar in tobacco 2

3. CONTENTS Identification of pest. Distribution. Biology / life cycle. Nature of damage. Symptoms of pest. Management of pest. P.Ramya - 3

4. IDENTIFICATION OF PEST AND DISTRIBUTION IDENTIFCATION :- S.N :- Spodoptera litura . C.N :- Tobacco cut worm , cotton leaf worm , cluster caterpillar tropical army worm , etc…… FAMILY :- Noctuidae. ORDER :- Lepidoptera. CLASS :- Insecta. KINGDOM :- Animalia . 4 P.Ramya

5. CATERPILLARS EMERGING FROM THE EGGS 5 P.Ramya

6. caterpillar 6 P.Ramya

7. FEMALE MOTH MALE MOTH ADULT MOTHS 7 P.Ramya

8. Adult moth 8 P.Ramya

9. distribution Widely distributed in India [ AndhraPradesh Tamilnadu ,Karnataka, Telangana ,Maharashtra] Bangladesh, srilanka, korea, pakisthan, pacific islands, china etc…. 9 P.Ramya

10. LIFE CYCLE Moth pupa eggs Larval instars – it lasts for 2-3 weeks Hatches in 3-5 days Period is 2 weeks Longevity is 7-10 days P.Ramya 10

11. Biology [or] life cycle 1 .Egg : - Adult moth lay eggs [ upto 2000 eggs per female]. It lays eggs in masses or clusters of 230-750 and covered with hairs. 1 egg  0.6mm diameter. It lays eggs on the upper surface of the leaves . Its appearance is golden yellow to brown color . Eggs hatch in 3-5 days . 11 P.Ramya

12. 2. larvae : - { caterpillars } larvae comes out from 3-5 days and feed about 20-25days. Larval period lasts for 2-3 weeks . Larvae  45 mm long and it is hairless , color varies from pale green to brown as they develops mature larvae have 3 yellow longitudinal lines . Older ones are night feeders &usually found in the soil around base of plant during day time. These defoliates the entire foliage. 12 P.Ramya

13. 3.Pupa :- Pupa is dark brown /reddish brown color . Pupation site –in the soil . Pupa is 15-20mm long. Period is 2 weeks[7-15 days]. Characteristic feature is presence of 2 Small spine at the tip of abdomen are about 0.5mm long. 13 P.Ramya

14. 3 .Adult :- Adult moths are stout bodied. They are light brown in color with mottled forewings. Longevity of moths is 7-10days . Forewings - dark brown with zigzag white markings with a brown border . Hindwings - white in color without markings with a brown border . Total life cycle is about 32-60 days. 14 P.Ramya

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16. NATURE OF DAMAGE :- Damaging stage of insects is caterpillars. Larvae feed on foliage particularly young leaves. Newly hatched larvae are gregarious, they scrape out the green matter in the leaf . Older larvae causes total defoliation. During day time hide under the soil. 16 P.Ramya

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18. SYMPTOMS :- Leaves with small holes . skeletonization will be seen. Papery appearance of leaf and only midrib veins left out on plants. SIGNS OF INFESTATION :- faecal pellets seen on leaves. Presence of egg mass {4-7mm diameter} covered with hairs scales on leaves. Larvae can be seen on leaves , stem buds etc….. 18 P.Ramya

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23. MANAGEMENT :- 1. Cultural control :- Deep summer ploughing is required. Planting - castor , sunflower marigold as a trap crops . Sunflower acts as a bird perches as well. Early sowing to escape from insect pest damage. 23 P.Ramya

24. 2. Mechanical control :- Install light traps. Collecting and killing of these insects. Use pheromone traps{5 traps/ha.} to monitor the moths population. Install 10-12 bird perches per ha.. Collection of egg masses and early instars larvae from trap crops and destruction. 24 P.Ramya

25. 3. Biological control :- Release of Telenomus remus @50000/ha. 4times {7-10 days interval} based on pheromone trap catching. Use SNPV @250 LE@1kg/ha .when large no. of egg masses &early instars larvae noticed. Release Trichogramma chilonis @50000 /ha. Use 5% Neem seed kernel extract on need basis. Spray insect pathogenic fungus normuraerileyi for control early instars . 25 P.Ramya

26. P.Ramya 26 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

27. 4. Chemical control :- Apply insecticides only if insect population crosses ETL. Apply methyl parathion 2% dust @ 20kg/ha. Spray monocrotophus 36SL (or) quinalphos 25EC@15ml. Spray trizophos 40EC@15ml in 10 lt of water. Use poison bait with monocrotophus 36SL or/ carbaryl , jaggery and water can be used to control grown up larvae. 27 P.Ramya

28. P.Ramya 28 REFERENCE :- www.eagri.org www.wikipedia.com www.agrinfo.com

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