Tomato_-Floral-biology-Emasculation-and-Hybridization-Technique.pdf

Agriculture

1. Flower biology and breeding
techniques in tomato
PRESENTED BY
KIRAN DASANAL

2. CONTENTS
•Introduction
•Historicalbackground
•Objectivesofbreeding
•Flowerbiologyandbehavior
•Crossingtechniques
•Breedingprocedures
•achievements

4. •CommonName:Tomato
•BotanicalName:Solanumlycopersicum
formerlyLycopersiconesculentum
•IntroducedinIndia:19thcenturybyBritishers
•ChromosomeNo.:2n=24
•Family:Solanaceae(nightshade)
•Centreoforigin:Peru(SouthAmerica)
INTRODUCTION

5. OTHER SPECIES
1.L.pimpinellifolium-Fusariumwilt,earlyblight
resistant.
2.L.peruvianum-Leafcurlvirusresistant.
3.L.cheesmanii-Saltresistant.
4.L.hirsutum-Fruitborerresistant.
5.L.pennellii-Droughttolerant.

6. AREA, PRODUCTION AND
PRODUCTIVITY OF TOMATO
AREA
(000' ha)
PRODUCTION
(000’Mt)
PRODUCTIVITY
(Mt/ha)
WORLD 4815.71 163029.746 33.9
CHINA 1000 50000 50
INDIA 882.03 18735.9 21.2
Tomato shares 9.4% of total vegetable area and11.5%of
total vegetable production in india.
SOURCE: NHB

7. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
•Amongthevegetablecrops,firstcommercialF1hybridof
brinjalwasreleasedduring1924inJapan
•IntomatofirstF1hybridwasdevelopedin1940inJapan
•Atnationallevelfirsthybridvigorwasreportedinchilli
during1933inbyIARI,NewDelhi
•FirstpublicsectorhybriddevelopedwasPusaMeghdoot
inbottlegourdin1971
•Thefirsthybridvegetableseeds(Karnatakaoftomatoand
Bharatofbellpepper)weremarketedinIndiabyIAHSin
1973

8. OBJECTIVES OF BREEDING
Breedingforearliness.
Breedingforincreasedfruityield.
Fruitqualitylikelargeround,uniformsize,deepred
colourandincreasedshelflifeetc.
Breedingfordiseaseresistancelike(Fusariumwilt,
lateblightanthracnose,bacterialwilt).

9. CONT…
Breedingforinsectresistance(fruitborer,whitefly
etc).
BreedingforAbioticStresses(coldtolerant,drought
tolerant,salttolerant,lowtemperaturetolerant,
herbicidetolerant).
Tobreedvarietiesforprolongedstorageand
transportatione.g,flavrSavr
Tobreedvarietiessuitableforprocessing

10. FLOWER BIOLOGY
Theflowersarebisexual,radiallysymmetric,andconsistof
5parts(sepals,petals,anthers).Thecalyxisunited,atleast
atthebase.Thecorollaisalsounitedbutitsshapevaries.

11. FLOWERING BEHAVIOUR
•ANTHESIS:Startsat6AMandmaximumflower
openingtilllatemorning.
•DEHISCENCE:8AM–11AM.
•RECEPTIVITYOFSTIGMA:16hrsbeforeand5
daysafteranthesis.

12. Plants vary in mating system from completely
outcrossingto completely inbreeding (selfing)
Cultivated Tomato
Wild Tomato
Cultivatedtomatoesareself-pollinating.
Pollensheddingoftenoccursbeforeflowersopen.
Self-pollinatingleadstohomozygosis.Inbredlinesbreedtrue

13. CROSSING TECHNIQUES

14. EMASCULATION PROCEDURE

15. COLLECTION OF POLLEN

16. Hybrid fruits
pollination

17. Breeding procedures
Introduction: Seeds of improved varieties are
introduced from one ecological area to another and
evaluated. E.g.,“Marglobe”.
Pure line selection: Arka vikas, Arka saurab.
Back cross method: is commonly utilized in wide
crosses or in inter specific gene transfer for resistant
to diseases.

18. Cont…..
Pedigree method: has the most common method in
tomato. In this method single plant selection is
initiated in F2 and is continued through successive
generations till pure lines are obtained (up to F6
generations)
Single seed decent method
Heterosisbreeding
Mutation breeding

19. CONT…
Biotechnologicalmethods:
•Breedingforresistancetoabioticstress
•Tomatoissensitivetolowandhightempfromthe
stageofgerminationtoripening.E.g.,Transgenic
variety
•“FlavrSavr”wasdevelopedforlongshelflifeand
transportation.

20. ARKA RAKSHAK
FirstpublictriplediseaseresistanttomatoF1hybridinIndia.
HighyieldingF1hybridgivingyieldof90-100tonsper
hectarein140-150days.
Triplediseaseresistancetotomatoleafcurlvirus,bacterialwilt
andearlyblight.
Suitableforsummer,kharifandrabiseasons.

21. THANK YOU