tonsillitis .pptx

Disease Condition

1. TONSILLITIS MS. CHETNA KUMARI ASSISTANT PROFESSOR CHILD HEALTH NURSING

2. M.M. COLLEGE OF NURSING PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

3. OBJECTIVES PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing At the end of teaching students will be able to: Define Tonsillitis Enlist the causes Explain the types of Tonsillitis Enlist the signs and symptoms Describe the diagnostic evaluation Explain the management of Tonsillitis

4. CONTENT OUTLINE PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing Introduction Definition Causes Types Sign and symptoms Diagnostic evaluation Management Conclusion

5. TONSILLITIS Inflammation or infection of the tonsils is medically termed as Tonsillitis. Tonsils are protective (lymph) glands that are situated on both sides in the throat . PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

6. Cont. The tonsils constitute an important part of the body's immune system and are vital defense organs. They protect the body from bacteria and viruses by fighting these as soon as they enter the body (via the oral / nasal cavity). PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

7. ANATOMY In the normal state, tonsils are pink in color (similar to their surroundings tissues) and about the same size. The tonsils along with adenoids are said to form the 'first line of defense' against infective organisms. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

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9. P A THOLOG Y When the tonsils get inflamed, they become red, swollen and may develop pus pockets that start e x ud i n g a d i sc ha r g e . In cases with recurrent infections, the tonsils may become so swollen over a period of time so as to a l mo s t t ou c h ea c h o t he r . T on s il li t i s i s v e r y c ommo n among s t c h il d r e n . No particular gender predilection is seen in cases of tonsillitis. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

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11. CAUSE S PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

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13. TRIGGERING FACTORS Foods with artificial colors and preservatives. Peanuts. Cold foods, cold drinks, Ice creams. Changes of weather. Extremely cold climate, Damp weather. Exposure to a lot of pollution. Sour fruits, lemon, pineapple, grapes, oranges. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

14. TYPES There are three types: Acute tonsillitis. These symptoms usually last 3 or 4 days but can last up to 2 weeks. Recurrent tonsillitis. This is when you get tonsillitis several times in a year. Chronic tonsillitis. This is when you have a long-term tonsil infection. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

15. S I GN S Red and swollen tonsils White spots (specks or patches) on the tonsils Enlarged lymph nodes in neck region Bad and foul breath Cough Running Nose PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

16. SYMPTOMS Soreness of throat Di f f i c u l t y i n s w a ll o wi n g o r pa i n f u l s wa ll ow i n g o f foo d and drinks Pain / discomfort while swallowing saliva Change of voice Pain in the ears (due to common nerve supply of the back of the throat and ears) Headache Malaise, tiredness Difficulty in taking feeds in babies - this may be the sole indicator in some cases of tonsillitis in infants PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

17. CATARRHAL TONSILLITIS t o n s i l s a r e a s pa r t of When in fla m e d the infection g e n e r a l i s e d o f t h e oropharyngeal m u c o s a i t i s ca l l e d catarrhal tonsillitis . PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

18. MEMBRANOUS TONSILLITIS S o m e t i m e s exudation from a part may combine to form a membrane over the surface of tonsil, giving rise to clinical of picture m e m b r an o u s tonsillitis . PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

19. PARENCHYMATOUS TONSILLITIS W h e n tonsil th e w h o l e i s u ni for m l y and i s cal l e d congested swollen it acute p ar e n ch y m a t o u s tonsillitis PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

20. DIAGNOSIS Examination of the throat in tonsillitis: Redness and swelling of the tonsils Pus pockets on the tonsils Discharge from the tonsils In case of peritonsillar abscess, involved m a y be towards a s h if t the center of the o f th e t hr oa t . u v u l a m a y be shifted towards th er e ton si l The the o pp o s it e si d e PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

21. DIAGNOSIS T h r oa t s w a b : T h i s i s u s e d t o g e t a s a m pl e o f t h e secretion from the back of the throat. M onospo t t es t : A b l o o d te s t c a n d e te c t ce r t a i n a n t i bo d i e s , w h i c h ca n h e l p c on f ir m t h a t a p e r s on ’ s symptoms are due to mononucleosis. Epstein-Barr virus antibodies : If a monospot test is negative, antibodies in the blood against EBV might help diagnose mononucleosis. Blood tests : This primarily includes a complete blood count (CBC) which is done to confirm the presence of infection. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

22. TREATMENT Acetaminophen & Ibuprufen are given for relieving the symptoms. Antibiotics are prescribed once bacterial infection is confirmed . Corticosteroids. Analgesics. Management of airway obstruction. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

23. Surgical treatment A tonsillectomy may also be performed if tonsillitis results in difficult-to-manage complications, such as: Obstructive sleep apnea Breathing difficulty Swallowing difficulty An abscess that doesn't improve with antibiotic treatment PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

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25. COMPLICATIONS L o ca l : S e v e r e swell i n g w i t h s p r ea d inf la m m at i o n to o f i n fe c t io n a n d t h e and h y po p ha r y n x larynx m a y occasionally p r o du c e increasing respiratory obstruction, although it is very rare in a cu t e u n c o m p lic a t e d tonsillitis. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

26. COMPLICATIONS Peritonsillar abscess is one of the complications of acute tonsillitis and its development t h a t i n f e c t i o n h a s out s i d e t o n s ill a r means spread c ap s u l e . Spread o f i n f e c t i o n f r o m tonsil or more usually from a peritonsillar abscess through the superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx first results in cellulitis of the neck and later in parapharyngeal space abscess. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

27. The systemic or general complications of acute tonsillitis are rare and almost confined to childhood. Septicemia : Untreated acute tonsillitis can result in septicemia with septic abscesses, septic arthritis and meningitis PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

28. PREVENTION Avoid close contact with others who are sick. Keep children away from kids who are known to have tonsillitis or a sore throat. Remind kids about the importance of proper hand- washing, especially when around people who appear to be sick . PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

29. Cont... Wash and disinfect surfaces and toys. Teaching kids to cover their mouths when coughing or sneezing, preferably using a tissue so that germs do not get on their hands. And show them how to use tissues to wipe their noses. Carry disposable wipes and a hand sanitizer to clean hands PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

30. Nursing diagnosis Risk for aspiration related to impaired swallowing and bleeding at the operative site. Acute pain related to inflammation of tonsils and the surgical procedure. Deficient fluid volume related to inadequate oral intake secondary to painful swallowing. Deficient knowledge related to caregivers understanding of postdischarge home care and signs and symptoms of complications. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

31. INTERVENTION Prevent aspiration. Relieve pain. Encourage fluid intake. Provide family teaching. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

32. QUESTION A newly admitted client with streptococcal pharyngitis (tonsillitis) has been placed on droplet precaution. Which of the following statements indicates the best understanding for this type of isolation? The client can be placed in a room with another client with measles . B. A special mask (N95) should be worn when working with the client. C. Must maintain a spatial distance of 3 feet. D. Gloves should be only worn when giving direct care. Answer: C. Must maintain a spatial distance of 3 feet. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

33. CONT... You have obtained the following assessment information about a 3-year old who has just returned to the pediatric unit after having a tonsillectomy. Which finding requires the most immediate follow-up? Frequent swallowing. B. Hypotonic bowel sounds. C. Complaints of a sore throat. D. Heart rate of 112 beats/min. Answer: A. Frequent swallowing. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

34. CONT.... Following a tonsillectomy, a female client returns to the medical-surgical unit. The client is lethargic and reports having a sore throat. Which position would be most therapeutic for this client? Semi-Fowler’s. B. Supine. C. High-Fowler’s. D. Side-lying. Answer: D. Side-lying. PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing

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36. CONCLUSION It is a self limited disease in the majority of cases, because the morbidity and mortality associated with tonsillitis are almost entirely preventable through the judicious use of antibiotics, rapid accurate diagnosis and treatment of these infections should be attempted PROGRAMME- B.Sc. Nursing Course- Child Health Nursing