Topic 10 Harvestion and Logging Rotation.pptx

Forest management

1. FOREST PLANTATION MANAGEMENT (FDM2309) LECTURE 10 Harvesting & Logging Rotation

2. Forest Harvesting Forest harvesting refers to the total process of cutting down trees and delivering them to a mill. It may also refer to the removal of dead or damaged trees from an area.

3. Forest Harvesting (con/t)

4. Planted on the border of paddy field Planted in the area that have canal/road

5. Consider harvesting systems Manual harvesting FT method using feller- buncher , skidder and processor CTL method using harvester and forwarder.

6. Examples of harvesting systems for eucalyptus plantation based on logging method: (I) manual harvesting, (II) FT method using feller- buncher , skidder and processor, and (III) CTL method using harvester and forwarder.

7. System I: Trees are felled and processed into logs with chainsaws. Then logs are manually delimbed , sorted and stacked. Logs are then loaded onto trucks using manpower. Sistem I: Pokok ditebang dan diproses menjadi balak dengan gergaji . Kemudian log/ balak diletakkan secara manual dan disusun secara manual. Log kemudian dimuatkan ke trak menggunakan tenaga manusia .

8. I: Manual operation: The harvesting operations aim to optimize productivity while minimizing impacts to the environment. Chainsaws

9. System II: Trees are felled with a feller-buncher, extracted to roadside with grapple/cable/ clambunk skidders, and then delimbed and processed into logs with a processor. Logs are then sorted, stacked with a loading grapple and loaded onto a truck with excavators fitted with hydraulic grapples or using a truck-mounted hydraulic crane.

10. Feller- buncher Skidder ( clambunk )

11. System III: Trees are felled, debarked and processed into logs with a harvester. Then logs are extracted to roadside with a forwarder, and loaded onto trucks using excavators fitted with hydraulic grapples or using a truck-mounted hydraulic crane.

12. Hydraulic grapples or using a truck-mounted hydraulic crane

13. Typical tools in the prevailing timber harvesting of Eucalyptus A A) Hand tools: an axe and knife normally used for delimbing

14. B) brush saws are used for felling and bucking

15. C) a farm tractor ( New Holland 6600, 78 HP ) equipped with a front-end grapple applied in loading. C

16. Types of Harvesting

17. I. Selective Cutting Selective cutting is the cutting down of selected trees in a forest so that growth of other trees is not affected.

18. I. Selective Cutting (con/t) Dalam pengamalan SMS (Selective Management System), untuk mempastikan tebangan kedua dapat dijalankan dalam tempoh 25-30 tahun selepas tebangan pertama dengan pengeluaran isipadu yang ekonomik di antara 30-40 m3/ha, langkah-langkah berikut biasanya dipatuhi :- Had batas tebangan bagi spesies-spesies dari kumpulan dipterokarpa adalah tidak kurang dari 50 cm kecuali Chengal ( Neobalanocarpus heimii ) di mana had tebangan tidak kurang daripada 60 cm. Had batas tebangan untuk spesies-spesies dari kumpulan bukan dipterokarpa adalah tidak kurang dari 45 cm.

19. I. Selective Cutting (con/t) Stok dirian tinggal yang merupakan bakal pokok-pokok utama untuk pusingan tebangan akan datang adalah tidak kurang dari 32 pokok / hektar yang terdiri dari pokok2 komersil yang subur serta lurus dengan DBH diantara 30 cm - 45 cm. Perbezaan had batas tebangan di antara spesies-spesies dipterokarpa dan bukan dipterokarpa adalah tidak kurang dari 5 cm. Jumlah peratusan dipterokarpa dalam dirian tinggal yang berukuran 30 cm-45 cm hendaklah sama atau lebih tinggi dari dirian asalnya .

20. Selective Cutting

21. II. Clear Cutting Clear-cutting logging practice in which most or all trees in an area are uniformly cut down.

22. Clear Cutting

23. III. Strip Cutting A variation on clear-cutting where strips of forest are left between the clear-cut areas.

24. Copyright from Google Strip Cutting

25. IV. Shelterwood / Seed tree Mature trees left standing to provide shelter for saplings to grow . Shelterwood

26. Harvesting productivity depends : 1. Number of workers 2. Machines being used 3. Size of harvesting area 4. Capital cost

27. Timber Rotation : A period between the establishment of a stand of trees and when it is ready for a final cut.