TOPIC 3 CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS & ANIMALS.pptx

css general science TOPIC 3 CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS & ANIMALS

1. KINGDOM SYSTEM By Dr. M. Fiaz Khan

2. The branch of science for identification, naming and grouping of living organisms is called Classification The branch of science we study classification is called Taxonomy Need of Classification To know how many known species there are in the world To know the characteristics of each species To know the relationships between species

3. This system was first developed by Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus in the 18 th century. The scientist classify each organism in different categories or groups. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

4. Two Kingdom System Initially organisms were only classified in to two kingdom system. Organism that eat, move and grew to a certain size are in Kingdom Animalia. Organisms which did not move or eat and continue to grow through out their life in Kingdom Plantae. Limitations But it was not competent for the grouping of certain living organisms.

5. 5 kingdom system was introduced by Robert H. Whittaker in 1960. Protista(Eukaryotes) Living Animalia organism Plantae (eukaryotes) Fungi Monera(Prokaryotes) Archaebacteria Monera Eubacteria

6. Kingdom Archbacteria Microscopic organisms Single celled organisms called as prokaryotes Unicellular Organisms live extreme environmental conditions like hot thermal vent, hot springs, highly acidic and anaerobic environment(lack of O 2 ) Example: Methanococcus, Methanobacterium etc.

7. Kingdom Eubacteria True bacteria and are prokaryotes single celled i.e. unicellular Organisms sessile or may be motile Cell wall having chlorophyll No nucleus Autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition Reproduce by asexual reproduction e.g. binary fission They are disease causing Example:   Streptococci  causes throat disease

8. Kingdom Protista They are eukaryotic in nature Simple organisms having characteristics of both plants and animals. Not plants but have plant like features such as chlorophyll, photosynthesis, cellulose in walls. They may look like animal as they ingest food. Some look like fungi i.e. filamentous Diversity: unicellular, multicellular, colonial mostly aquatic (marine and fresh water). They are autotrophic and heterotrophic in nutrition. They reproduce both sexually and asexually. Example: algae, amoeba, flagellates, ciliates slime molds etc.

9. Kingdom Fungi They have eukaryotic cell type. Unicellular or multicellular organisms They lack chlorophyll and thus obtain their food by heterotrophic mood of nutrition. Depends upon the organic form of nutrition. Their cell wall is made up of chitin as present in arthropods. Reproduce by sexual and asexual mode of reproduction by spore formation, budding and binary fission. Example: sac fungi, yeast and moulds. They mostly live in symbiotic relation with other organisms like lichens (relationship between fungi and algae).

10. Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic cells Multicellular Photosynthetic mode of nutrition (prepare their own food). They have cell wall made up of cellulose. Cell organized in to tissues e.g. xylem and phloem. They range in size from tiny mosses to giant G eneral Sherman (Sequoiadendron giganteum). Example: mosses ferns and conifers

11. Plants Tracheophytes Bryophytes (Vascular plants) (Non Vascular) Pteridophytes Spermatophytes (Non seed forming) (Seed forming) Gymnosperms Angiosperm (without flowers) (with flowers) Monocots Dicots

12. Bryophytes Simple and primitive plants. Non vascular plants. They are between algae and higher vascular plants Their body is called thallus (have not true roots, stem and leave) Grow in moist and shady places forming a dense mass or mat on damp soil rocks etc. They need water for the their survival so are called as ‘Amphibians plants’. Example: liver worts, horn worts and mosses.

13. Tracheophytes True land vascular plants (xylem and Phloem) for the transportation of water and food. Plant body is called sporophyte as they have definite root stem and leaves. Pteridophytes Spermatophytes No Seed production Seed producing No flowers production Flower production may or may not be present Herbaceous stem Woody stem Leaves may be smaller or larger Leaves are broad or needle shaped according to further division. Example: ferns Example: Ginkgo and conifer

14. Spermatophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Non flowering plants Flowering plants Leaves are needle shaped Leaves are broad Seed are not enclosed inside the fruits (naked) Seed are enclosed inside the fruits Cone producing Do not produce cones Produce soft wood Produce hard wood Found in hilly areas and cold regions. Cosmopolitan (present in every type of environment) Example: chir , juniper, deodar Example: rose, mango, wheat

15. Angiosperm Dicots Monocots Embryo has two cotyledons Embryo has one cotyledon Broad leaves Narrow leaves Flowers have multiple of four and five Flowers have multiple petals of three Leaf veins are reticulated (network) Leaf veins are parallel Legumes, oak tree , daisies Grains , sugarcane, bamboo

16. Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic multicellular organisms Heterotrophic mood of nutrition Able to move Million of living species Live in all types of environments Invertebrates (without back bone) Division Chordates (with back bone)

17. Difference between Invertebrate and vertebrate

18. Phylum Chordata Fishes Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

19. Class fish Aquatic life style Streamlines body Paired pectoral and pelvic fins 2 chambered heart Lateral line system Body covered with scales Cold blooded oviparous Respiration by gills Locomotion by tail and fins Example: Rahu, sharks sting ray

20. Class Amphibia Live both in water and on land Smooth skin with mucus glands Scales are absent Cold blooded 3 chambered heart Respiration by gill, lungs and skin Oviparous in reproduction Limbs are present for locomotion Growth by metamorphosis Example: frog, salamander, toad.

21. Class Reptilia Some are terrestrial and others are aquatic Water proof skin with scales Dry scaly skin Cold blooded 3 chambered heart (except in crocodile) Respiration by lungs Oviparous Limbs are for locomotion Example: crocodile, snake, turtle, lizard

22. Class Aves Terrestrial (aerial) life style Covered with feathers Warm blooded 4 chambered heart Respiration by lungs Locomotion by wings Hollow skeleton (for flight) Scaled feet Hard egg shell Example: pigeon, ostrich, hen, duck

23. Class Mammalia Terrestrial and aquatic life style Body covered with hairs Skin have glands Warm blooded 4 chambered heart Viviparous Feed their young ones with milk as they have mammary glands Locomotion by limbs Respiration occurs through lungs Example: human, whale, bat, lion Types of Mammals 1.Egg laying mammals: The mammals lay eggs and feed their babies with milk They considered a connecting link between reptiles and mammals The group of mammals called monotremes , e.g Duck bill and spiny ant-eater are the best examples. They found in Australia.

24. 2. Pouched mammals: These mammals gives birth to underdeveloped babies Their mother keeps them in a pouch on its belly until they develop properly and the mother feeds them on her milk The examples including Kangaroo 3. Placenta mammals: These are the mammals whose baby completes its development in the body of the mother After the birth mother feed them on her milk The examples including human, Lion etc.