Topic for seminar on Pollination their diffrent type and methods

In the above doccument defination type deffrent type of pllination and their agents all these

1. Shri Durga Ji Post Graduate College
ChandeshwarAzamgarh
ELCOME
GPB-591 MASTER SEMINAR
M.Sc. (Ag) IVTH Semester
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding

2. GPB-591 MASTER SEMINAR
SHRI DURGA JI POST GRADUATE COLLEGE
CHANDESHWAR ,AZAMGARH
AFFILIATED TO
MAHARAJA SUHEL DEV UNIVERSITY
AZAMGARH, UTTAR PRADESH
Topic :-Pollination
Submitted To :-
Dr Ajeet Pratap Singh
(Assistant Professor)
HOD Genetics and Plant Breeding
Shri Durga Ji PG College , Azamgarh
Presented By :-
Nikhil Pandey
M.Sc. (Ag) Genetics and Plant Breeding
2year 4
th
Semester
Roll No. : 24204350019
Enrollment no : AZU23/184202

3. CONTENTS
1. DEFINITIONS
2. PROCESS OF POLLINATION
3. TYPES OF POLLINATION
3.1 SELF AND CROSS POLLINATION
3.2 MECHANISMS THAT PROMOTES SELF AND CROSS POLLINATION
RESPECTIVELY.
3.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
4. AGENTS OF POLLINATION
5. IMPORTANCE OF POLLINATION

4. 1. THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN GRAINS FROM ANTHER TO STIGMAIS CALLED
AS POLLINATION.
2. THE GOAL OF EVERY LIVING ORGANISMS INCLUDING PLANTS IS TO
REPRODUCE OR TO PRODUCE OFFSPRING. ONE OF THE WAYS THAT PLANT
PRODUCE OFFSPRING IS BY MAKING SEEDS.
“POLLINATION”IS ONE OF THE STEP IN THE PROCESS
.

5. IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION---

MALE FLOWER FEMALE FLOWER
(MALE GAMETE) (FEMALE GAMETE)


FUSION


FERTILIZATION

ZYGOTE

EMBRYO

SEED

NEW PLANT

6. Process of Pollination –

Pollination is a critical phase in the reproductive cycle of
flowering plants, involving several key steps
1. Pollen Transfer
2. Pollen Germination
3. Pollen Tube Growth
4. Sperm cell Transmission
5. Fertilization
6. Seed Development
7. Reproductive cycle
continuation

7. TYPES OF POLLINATION ---
1.SELF POLLINATION
–THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN GRAINS FROM
ANTHER OF ONE FLOWER TO STIGMA OF SAME FLOWER OR ANOTHER FLOWER
OF SAME PLANT IS CALLED AS SELF POLLINATION.
IT IS ALSO CALLED AS “
AUTOGAMY”

8. MECHANISMS TO PROMOTE AUTOGAMY --
1.BISEXUALITY
2. HOMOGAMY
3. CLEISTOGAMY
4. CHASMOGAMY
5. POSITION OF ANTHERS

9. 1. BISEXUALITY
PRESENCE OF MALE AND FEMALE
ORGANS IN THE SAME FLOWER
.
2. HOMOGAMY 
MATURATION OF ANTHERS AND STIGMA
OF A FLOWER AT THE SAME TIME.
3. CLEISTOGAMY 
WHEN POLLINATION AND
FERTILIZATION OCCURRED IN AN UNOPENED FLOWER BUD.

10. 4. CHASMOGAMY 
IN PLANTS, FERTILIZATION AFTER
OPENING OF FLOWER .
5. POSITION OF ANTHERS
IN SOME SPECIES , STIGMAS
ARE SURROUNDED BY ANTHERS IN SUCH A WAY THAT SELF
POLLINATION IS ENSURED.

11. ADVANTAGES OF SELF POLLINATION

Only a few pollen grains are capable of pollinating the bloom

The race’s purity is preserved

Pollen grains are not wasted when plants self-pollinate

Pollination failure is less likely

12. DISADVANTAGES OF SELF POLLINATION

Self-pollination that continues from generation to generation
may degrade the variety or species

The varieties or breed’s weaker or faulty characteristics
cannot be eradicated

It produces no new varieties

13. 2.CROSS POLLINATION
–
THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN GRAINS
FROM ANTHER OF ONE FLOWER OF ONE PLANT TO STIGMA OF ANOTHER OF
ANOTHER PLANT IS CALLED AS CROSS POLLINATION.
IT IS ALSO CALLED AS “
ALLOGAMY”

14. MECHANISMS TO PROMOTE ALLOGAMY—
1. DICLINY
2. DICHOGAMY
3. HETEROSTYLY
4. HERKOGAMY
5. SELF INCOMPATIBILITY
6. MALE STERILITY

15. 1. DICLINY
IT REFERS TO UNISEXUAL FLOWERS.

THIS IS OF TWO TYPES 
A.
MONOECY –WHEN MALE AND FEMALE FLOWERS ARE
SEPARATED BUT PRESENT IN THE SAME PLANT.
B.
DIOECY –WHEN MALE AND FEMALE FLOWERS ARE
PRESENT
ON DIFFERENT PLANTS .

16. 2. DICHOGAMY 
MATURATION OF ANTHERS AND
STIGMA OF THE SAME FLOWER AT DIFFERENT TIME.

IT IS OF TWO TYPES –
A.
PROTOGYNY –WHEN PISTIL MATURES BEFORE
ANTHERS.
B.
PROTANDRY –WHEN ANTHER MATURES BEFORE PISTIL .
3. HETEROSTYLY 
WHEN STYLES AND FILAMENTS IN A
FLOWER ARE OF DIFFERENT LENGTHS.

17. 4. HERKOGAMY 
HINDRANCE TO SELF POLLINATION DUE TO
SOME PHYSICAL BARRIERS SUCH AS PRESENCE OF HYLINE
MEMBRANE AROUND ANTHER. 5. SELF INCOMPATIBILITY 
THE INABILITY OF FERTILE
POLLENS TO FERTILIZE THE SAME FLOWER .
6. MALE STERILITY 
WHEN POLLENS GRAINS ARE NON
FUNCTIONAL THIS CONDITION IS CALLED MALE STERILITY.

18. ADVANTAGES OF CROSS POLLINATION

Unisexual plants can reproduce with the help of cross
pollination.

It helps in the introduction of new genes into a sequence of
species.

It helps in improving the immunity of offspring against
environmental stress and diseases.

19. DISADVANTAGES OF CROSS POLLINATION

Huge amounts of pollen grains are wasted.

There is a chance of genetic recombination which can lead
to elimination of good qualities of the parent.

20. Agents of Pollination ( BIOTIC)
BIOTIC AGENTS—
1.
BEES MELITTOPHILY
2.
BUTTERFLIES PSYCHOPHILY
3.
MOTHS PHALAENOPHILY
4.
FLIES MYOPHILY
5.
BEETLES CANTHAROPHILY
6.
BIRDS ORNITHOPHILY
7.
BATS CHIROPTEROPHILY
8.
CARRION FLIES SAPROMYOPHILY

21. ABIOTIC AGENTS 
1.
WIND ANEMOPHILY
2.
WATER HYDROPHILY
3.
RAIN OMBROPHILY

22. WHY IS POLLINATION IMPORTANT ?
SIMPLY SAYING , WE CAN’T LIVE WITHOUT THEM.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
–
1. CLEAN AIR(CARBON CYCLING / SEQUESTRATION)
2. WATER AND SOILS
CULTURAL BENEFITS
–
1. Cultural symbolism
2. Food plants
3. Medicinal plants
4. Plant-based dyes