TOPIC ONE-HP HEALTH AS A CONCEPT.pptx public health care

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1. TOPIC ONE: HEALTH AS A CONCEPT PRESENTER: F. KASISI Esq.

2. ACTIVITY 1. (a) Give X 2 descriptions of the term ‘ Health’. ( Not WHO ’s perspective). (b) Discuss the various dimensions of health

3. 2. ( a) Briefly, outline the determinants of health. (At least X 5). (b) Describe: 1. A healthy person 2. A healthy family 3. A healthy community 4. A healthy nation

4. 3 (a) Briefly, discuss why health is regarded as a source of: 1. Power 2. Self-dignity 3. Wealth (b) Describe some of the sources of power (At least X 5).

5. 4. Discuss the statements below: “All human needs are health needs”. Focus your discussion on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. “ Health is not an end in itself but a means to an end”.

6. Ts and Cs Answer all the four (4) questions individually. Submit the written assignment next week when we meet. Word-processed Not more than 5 pages excluding cover & references Individually be ready to present your assignment (findings) to the class.

7. Please note that you will be picked or chosen to present or share your findings to the class at random. SO, be ready like a soldier at the battle front.

8. WHO DO YOU THINK WAS/WERE THE BEST PRESENTER (S)?

9. WHAT WOULD YOU SAY WERE THE POSITIVES IN THE PRESENTER (S)

10. PRESENTATION SKILLS POSITIVES Greet audience/introduce oneself Introduce topic Show self-confidence Smart/Decent Dress Voice projection/audibility Knowledgeable on subject Anxiety under control Show Clarity NEGATIVES No greeting/ self Introduction Shabbily dressed/Looking pathetic Overwhelmed with anxiety Use of Slang/jargons Show of Mannerisms- ie stammering, scratching nose, touching head or hair

11. POSITIVES Cont ’ Use of references/sources of information Use of board Show clarity/ good pronunciation of words Widely read/ researched Eye contact with audience Involve audience Time keeping Reading from the script throughout No script to refer to. Reading from the text book Standing in one position for too long No voice projection-the voice sounding like its coming from the armpits

12. POSITIVES— Cont ’ Sense of humour -light moment once a while Maintain fair body movements NEGATIVES – Cont ’ Hoarse voice or croaky voice like that of the frog. Smelling alcohol/ cigarette smoke.

13. HEALTH AN ELUSIVE CONCEPT Health is a nebulous, multidimensional notion-open to multiple interpretations.

14. WHO DEFINITION Health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not simply the absence of disease or infinity. WHO (1946)

15. WHO Definition Known to all. It has been critiqued left, right and centre . It’s an everyday song. Other views need to be considered as well

16. WHAT OTHERS SAY Tarlov (1996) referred to what he considered to be 3 key characteristics of a non-medical approach to defining health: . . . Capacity to perform . . .; The capacity to . . . effectively negotiate the demands of the social environment;

17. A process of achieving . . . Individual fulfilment such as the pursuit of values, tasks, needs, aspirations and potential.

18. Health is the foundation of well-being, virtue, prosperity, wealth, happiness and salvation. - Charaka Samhita

19. Health cannot be possessed, it can only be shared. There is no health for me without my brother. There is no health for Britain without Zambia. M. Wilson (1976)

20. When health is absent, wisdom cannot reveal itself, art cannot become manifest, strength cannot be exerted, wealth is useless and reason is powerless. H erophilies (300 BC)

21. THE PROBLEMATIC NOTION OF HEALTH This is arising mainly from the etymology of the word health, that is hal e or whole, both words refer to a state of ‘ soundness of body’ This provides an indication of the holistic nature of the term. Poses challenges in terms of operationalising the term

22. Health as Mirage May be viewed as a perfect and positive health. Something unreal, unattainable. Utopian creation of the human mind. Facilitates setting up of goals & helps medical science to chart its course toward them. Attributed to Dubos (1965)

23. Health as Self- actualisation Is the apex of pyramid of human needs. Achieved after other mundane & basic needs have been met. Refers to the inherent tendency towards self fulfilment , self expression & the attainment of autonomy from external forces. Attributed to Maslow (1967)

24. Health as Empowerment Makes life predictable One possesses resources to meet life’s demands Gives emotional contentment “Be All you can Be” Overall, this results in a sense of coherence. Attributed to Antonovsky (1979)

25. Health as Personal Potential Portrays a flexible approach to health. This tendency of flexibility causes problems & leads to relativism- may mean a thousand different things to a thousand different people. Mansfield, (1977)

26. Health as a Resource for everyday life Health not an object of living Emphasize social & personal resources Includes physical capacities WHO, (1984)

27. Health as a Resource- CONT’ SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL Service,Empathy,synergy Intrinsic security SPIRITUAL Values, Morals, Faith, Meditation MENTAL Reading, Learning, Visualizing, Planning PHYSICAL Exercise, Nutrition, Stress Mgt

28. Source: The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. Stephen R. Covey (2004)

29. DIMENSIONS These 4 health dimensions are the greatest assets of a human being. PHYSICAL -Tone SPIRITUAL -Focus MENTAL -Autonomy SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL- Connectedness, How people are treated ( Ichalo Bantu)

30. All the 4 dimensions require preserving & enhancing. In short, this is like “sharpening the Saw”. They need constant renewal

31. HOLISTIC VIEW OF HEALTH This means taking account of the separate influences and interaction of these dimensions Can be viewed from two aspects

32. Social Determinants of Health WHO Defines social determinants of health as: Conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, including the wider economic policies and systems, development agendas, social norms, social policies and political systems.

33. TWO TYPES OF S.Ds 1. Social Environment These include interactions with family, friends, co-workers, cultural attitudes, norms, and expectations. It encompasses social relationships & policies in settings such as schools, neighbourhoods , workplaces, businesses, places of worship,

34. Healthcare settings, recreation facilities & other public places. Availability of resources to meet basic daily needs (educational & job opportunities, adequate incomes, health insurance, personal assistance services, healthful foods) are important facets of the social environment.

35. 2. Physical Environment This consists of the natural environment (i.e. , plants, atmosphere, weather, and topology) and built environment (i.e. , buildings, spaces, transportation systems, and products that are created or modified by people.

36. Physical environments can consist of particular individual or institutional settings, such as homes, worksites, schools, health care settings or recreational settings.

37. TWO COMMON VIEWS OF HEALTH Lay concepts of health Professional concepts of health

38. LAY CONCEPTS OF HEALTH These are original views of health adopted at an early age from family and society. Everyone acquires a knowledge of this thru’ their socialization into society

39. PROFESSIONAL CONCEPTS OF HEALTH .This view health as absence of disease or illness. This meaning of health originates from the western scientific medicine.

40. NOTE The two sets of health beliefs, scientific medicine and lay concept , are not separate entities but overlap each other and exist in tandem.

41. 0ther Readings Action for Happiness run by Mark Williamson/ endorsed- Dalai Lama Human Development Index- UNDP Social Progress Index- Prof Micheal Porter-Harvard University World Hunger Index

42. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING THE END