Topical corticosteroids and their uses , applications , contraindications.pptx

Topical corticosteroids, uses , indications, tips for applications, contraindications and side effects

1. TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS Made by – Aarushi Sood Group – La3-201(2)

2. INTRODUCTION- Topical corticosteroids are medications applied to the skin to reduce inflammation, itching, and redness associated with various dermatological conditions. They belong to a class of drugs called corticosteroids or steroids, which mimic the effects of hormones produced by the adrenal glands. These medications are available in various forms, including creams, ointments, lotions, gels, solutions, and foams. These medications are classified based on their potency, ranging from low potency (mild) to high potency (very strong). The potency of a topical corticosteroid determines its strength and the severity of conditions it can effectively treat.  Topical corticosteroids work by penetrating the skin, binding to glucocorticoid receptors, and forming a complex that regulates gene transcription. This leads to the suppression of inflammatory genes and immune responses, resulting in reduced inflammation and symptom relief in skin conditions.

3. Topical steroids – how much to use?

4. Examples of Steroids according to Potency

5. Indications-  1. Psoriasis: To reduce inflammation and the overproduction of skin cells 2. Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): To alleviate itching and inflammation 3. Seborrheic Dermatitis: To manage red patches and greasy scales, especially on the scalp 4. Contact Dermatitis: For treating red rashes caused by irritants or allergens 5. Lichen Sclerosus : To help with itching and soreness 6. Alopecia Areata: To promote hair regrowth 7. Vitiligo: To restore skin color in affected areas 8. Bullous Pemphigoid: To reduce blistering of the skin 9. Aphthous Ulcers: To decrease pain and speed up healing.

6. Side Effects -  1. Skin Thinning (Atrophy)  2. Striae (Stretch Marks) 3. Telangiectasia:  dilation of small blood vessels near the skin's surface, resulting in the appearance of red or purple lines.  4. Steroid Acne 5. Steroid Rosacea:  rosacea-like symptoms, including redness, flushing, and pustules.  6. Hypopigmentation or Hyperpigmentation 7. Allergic Contact Dermatitis: 8. Tachyphylaxis: With prolonged use, the effectiveness of topical steroids may decrease over time, requiring higher doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect. 9. Delayed Wound Healing

7. Guidelines for use -  Use of very potent TS should be restricted to : Short term application ( eg - less than 50gm/week for only 2 weeks in adult without side effects) Applied on small surface area (not more than 10% of total body surface and Chronic plaque psoriasis Potent TS may be used for: Intermediate duration (3-4 weeks) or short period (1-2 weeks) on the face & in intertriginous areas Application on surface area Not more than 20% of total body surface for severe eczema, lichen planus, lichen simplex chronicus and psoriasis. Moderately potent TS should always be tried in eczema.   Mildly potent TS are: Safe for chronic application (>4weeks) ; Safest for use on the face & in intertriginous areas ;Safest for use in young children & infants