Topical ways of prevention of dental hard tissues- Animesh Kumar and Himani (1).pptx

Dental

1. Topical ways of prevention of dental hard tissues diseases anImesH KUMar and Himani GROUP 18

2. Dental hard tissue diseases The dental hard tissues include enamel, dentin, and cementum, which are the major structures of the crown and root of the teeth. Dental caries is irreversible microbial disease of hard tissues of the teeth characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substances of the tooth

3. Dental Hard tissue diseases are: Dental caries Dental Attrition Dental Abrasion Fluorosis

4. PREVENTION OF DENTAL HARD TISSUE DISEASE Preventive program for the individual at home includes: 1- Oral hygiene measures. II- Fluoride administration. Ill- Diet and its oral effect . Tooth decay is the most common chronic infectious disease in children that is not responsive to antibiotic treatment and does not heal itself. If untreated, the decay progresses to cavitation and associated acute pain, cellulitis, tooth loss, dysfunctional speech patterns, space loss, and diminished facial appearance.

5. T opical fluoridation of the enamel: definition, purposes By Definition, the term 'topically applied fluoride' describes those delivery systems which provide fluoride to exposed surfaces of the dentition, at elevated concentrations, for a local protective effect and are therefore not intended for ingestion ANTI-CARIES AGENTS Fluoride:- considered to be the most effective caries-inhibiting agent, and almost all toothpastes today contain fluoride in one form or the other The most common form is sodium fluoride ( NaF ), but mono- fluoro -phosphate (MFP) and stannous fluoride ( SnF ) are also used - Fluoride is most beneficial when the mouth is not rinsed with water after tooth brushing. In this way a bigger amount of fluoride is retained in the oral cavity There are three main theories considering the positive action of fluoride in the prevention of caries: Positive action of fluoride in the prevention of caries:• the most important anti-caries effect is claimed to be due to the formation of calcium fluoride (CaF2) in plaque and on the enamel surface during and after rinsing or brushing with fluoride.

6. Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses , gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents The use of fluoride toothpastes, mouthrinses , gels or varnishes reduces tooth decay in children and adolescents. Tooth decay (dental caries) is painful, expensive to treat and can seriously damage teeth. Fluoride is a mineral that prevents tooth decay. The review of trials found that children aged 5 to 16 years who applied fluoride in the form of toothpastes, mouthrinses , gels or varnishes had fewer decayed, missing and filled teeth regardless of whether their drinking water was fluoridated. Supervised use of self applied fluoride increases the benefit. Fluoride varnishes may have a greater effect but more high quality research is needed to be sure of how big a difference these treatments make, and whether they have adverse effects.

7. Topical fluoride therapy in the form of toothpastes, mouthrinses , gels or varnishes only, using any fluoride agent (which may be formulated with any compatible abrasive system, in the case of fluoride toothpastes), at any concentration (ppm F), amount or duration of application, and with any technique or method of application, provided the frequency of application was at least once a year. The control group is placebo (for any method of fluoride application) or no treatment (except for brushing or flossing methods of application) resulting in the following comparison: Any single TFT described above compared with a placebo or no TFT. Contraindications: Ulcerative gingivitis and stomatitis. Known allergies or reactions to colophony ( colophonium ) or similar agents. Avoid ingestion during application. Indications: Fluoride can be delivered topically and systemically. Topical fluorides strengthen teeth already present in the mouth, making them more decay resistant. Topical fluorides encourage remineralization of enamel, and also inhibit bacterial metabolism, reducing the growth of plaque bacteria

8. How to use? Step 1: Position the child—knee-to-knee • For an infant or toddler, place the child on the parent’s lap with the head on their knees and the legs around the waist. Position yourself knee-to-knee with the parent and treat the child from above the head. • Or, place the young child on an exam table and work from above the head. Step 2: Apply the fluoride varnish • Open the child’s mouth. • Dry the teeth with gauze. • Apply a thin layer of the fluoride varnish to all surfaces of the teeth. • Once it is applied, the fluoride varnish sets quickly with contact of the saliva. • Repeat the fluoride varnish application every 3 – 6 months as necessary. Step 3: Follow-up info for parent • Teeth may be yellow from the varnish. • Child should eat a soft, non-abrasive diet for the rest of the day. • Do not brush or floss until the next morning. • Give the parent the information sheet “Fluoride Varnish.”

9. Step 3: Follow-up info for parent • Teeth may be yellow from the varnish. • Child should eat a soft, non-abrasive diet for the rest of the day. • Do not brush or floss until the next morning. • Give the parent the information sheet “Fluoride Varnish.”

10. FISSURE SEALANTS Fissure sealants are a white or clear composite resin, similar to a white tooth filling. The sealants provide a barrier against bacteria that can cause plaque. They are designed to prevent tooth decay and cavities. The benefits of fissure sealants is it can last up to six years without needing to be replaced. Cavities often develop in the places you cannot ordinarily reach with your daily brushing and flossing. Fissure sealants are cost effective and non-invasive. Fissure sealants are a great preventive treatment in conjunction with good oral hygiene and diet.

11. Indications The application of fissure sealants has specific indications, such as: newly erupted teeth, with deep fissures and clinically free of dental caries; patients who present physical and mental disabilities; adult patients that are under medical treatment that involves a significant decrease of the salivary flow. The indications for placing a pit and fissure sealant are as follow: Pits and fissures of deciduous teeth in children when the tooth, or the patient, is at an increased risk of experiencing caries Fissure sealants are a preventive treatment option but are not necessary for every child. The need for fissure sealants will depend on a number of factors such including: Age. Dental confidence.

12. How to Use? Step 1: Tooth Preparation. Sealant material manufacturers recommend that tooth surfaces be cleaned before acid etching. Step 2: Tooth Isolation. Step 3: Acid Etching. Step 4: Rinsing and Drying. Step 5: Sealant Application. Step 6: Curing. Step 7: Final Treatment of Surface.

13. C alcium-Phosphorus G els and Solutions The presence of calcium and phosphate ions, promote the formation of fluorapatite in tooth enamel by a process referred to as remineralization. Calcium and phosphorous (in the form of phosphate), along with fluoride, are included in toothpaste because they play a key role in keeping your teeth from becoming soft and yucky, which makes it easy for cavities to form Indications: Applications of calcium phosphates include repair of periodontal defects, augmentation of alveolar bone, sinus lifts, tooth replacement, and repair of large bone defects caused by tumors. They are also used as scaffolds in tissue engineering for bone or dentin regeneration Phosphorous serves an important function too with calcium and Vitamin D to keep our teeth, gums and jaws strong. Without phosphorous, the calcium in our body goes waste. Phosphorous deficiency leads to chipping and breaking of teeth in children and adults. Contraindications: It has been shown that calcium carbonate particles are retained by plaque and this may also influence caries by neutralising harmful plaque acids and concurrently liberating calcium. Conclusion: Fluoride delivered from calcium carbonate-based SMFP toothpastes is an effective means of reducing caries.