TOTAL STATIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN CONSTRUCTION.pdf

#Total Station #TS #Survey #Construction

1. TOTAL STATIONS
AND THEIR ROLE IN
CONSTRUCTION

An Overview of Functionality, Components, and
Application
BUDDIKA MUHANDIRAM SE010

2. Introduction to
Total Stations

01

Overview of its role in surveying
and construction

3. A total station is an electronic instrument used
for surveying that measures distances and
angles between points with high accuracy and
speed.
●Electronic distance measurement
(EDM) capability
●Angle measurement (theodolite)
capability
●Data storage and processing
capabilities

4. History and
Evolution

02

From theodolites to modern total
stations

6. Basic
Components

03

List and briefly describe the main
components

7. ● Telescope
● EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement)
● Angle measurement system
● Data collector
● Power source

8. Setting Up a Total
Station

04

From calibrating to leveling and
Surveying

9. ●Choose a flat and stable surface and clear the area of
obstacles.
●Unpack and inspect the instrument, assemble the
tripod, attach the Total Station to it, and adjust its height.
●Align the instrument with true north using a compass or
alignment tool.
●Perform final checks to ensure the instrument is stable,
free from obstructions, and accurately leveled.
●Once complete, the Total Station is ready for operation, but
follow safety precautions and manufacturer's guidelines
when using it.

10. Data Collection
Techniques

05

From theodolites to modern total
stations

11. 1. Distance Measurement
Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM)
Uses infrared or laser waves for accurate distance measurement

2. Angle Measurement
Horizontal Angles
Measured with theodolites or total stations, important for direction and
boundary setting.
3. Elevation and Leveling
Differential Leveling
Uses a level instrument and rod to measure height differences.
4. Coordinate Measurement
Total Stations
Combine distance and angle measurements to compute coordinates.

12. Applications in
Construction

06

Site Layout - Monitoring - As-Built Surveys

13. ●Staking out building layouts and designs
●Verifying construction progress and
quality control
●Measuring distances and angles for site
layout
●Providing accurate data for material
estimation and scheduling

14. 07

Precision and Accuracy - Efficiency -
Integration
Advantages of Using
Total Stations


15. ●Fast and accurate data collection
●High precision and reliability
●Reduced labor costs and improved
productivity
●Ability to measure complex shapes and
surfaces
●Integration with other surveying
instruments

16. Challenges and
Limitations

08

Environmental Factors & Skill Requirements

17. ●Sampling issues: Selection bias and non-response bias can
lead to inaccurate representations of the population.
●Survey design: Question wording and order can influence
responses, while lengthy or complex surveys may deter
participants.
●Data analysis: Errors, inconsistencies, and missing values can
impact results, and handling outliers and anomalies is
challenging.
●Cultural and language barriers: Different cultures may have
different attitudes towards surveys, and language barriers can
make it difficult to understand or complete surveys.
●Cost and resource constraints: Time, budget, data storage,
and management can be significant limitations.
●Self-reported data: Respondents may provide inaccurate or
dishonest information, and external factors outside of the
survey's control can impact results.

18. 09

Integration with drones, BIM, and GNSS
Future Trends and
Conclusion


19. ●Drones for aerial surveys and data collection
●Robotic total stations for improved accuracy and
efficiency
●Artificial intelligence and machine learning for data
processing and analysis
●LIDAR technology for 3D scanning and mapping
●GNSS augmentation systems for improved positioning
data
●Autonomous surveying using vehicles and drones
●Sensor fusion for combining data from multiple sensors
●Cloud-based data processing for rapid analysis and
sharing

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