TOURETTE SYNDROME - Presh Edem copy copy.pdf

Tourette syndrome brief presentation

1. TOURETTE
SYNDROME

2. INTRODUCTION

3. INTRODUCTION
There are three types of tic disorders and they are
1. Vocal tic disorder 2.provisional tic disorder 3. Tourette syndrome
Definition of Tic;
 Tic is a quick , non rhythmic movement or vocalization.
They happen over and over again, and they are not caused by other disorders, such as
hughinton disease or any substance abuse.
Individuals with Tourette syndrome may suddenly feel the urge to spontaneously and
repeatedly clap their hands , grunt and make hidden movement like tongue
movements.
 Even though this seems normal but due to the act of this during inappropriate
situations, it is tagged abnormal . (Add images of clap hands , tics face etc )
Tourette syndrome is a
tic disorder.

4. Tourette
Syndrome
Tourette syndrome is a tic disorder.
There are three types of tic disorders and
they are
1. Vocal tic disorder
2.provisional tic disorder
3. Tourette syndrome

5. Definition of Tic; Tic is a quick ,
non rhythmic movement or
vocalization. They happen over
and over again, and they are not
caused by other disorders, such
as hughinton disease or any
substance abuse. Individuals with
Tourette syndrome may suddenly
feel the urge to spontaneously
and repeatedly clap their hands ,
grunt and make hidden
movement like tongue
movements. Even though this
seems normal but due to the act
of this during inappropriate
situations, it is tagged abnormal .

6. CLASSIFICATION OF TICS – SIMPLE AND
COMPLEX
Simple ;
Simple tics are shorter in duration
And involves behaviours such as eye blinking
and clearing of throat
Complex ;
 Complex tics are longer in duration and
involved behaviors such as ECHOPRAXIA,
COPROPRAXIA, ECHOLALIA, PALILALIA and
COPROLALIA

7. NEUROLOGICAL CAUSE OF TOURETTE
SYNDROME
Genetics play a role in tics development
But neurologically, tics is caused by a disturbance in the CORTEX-STRATIUM-
THALAMIC-CORTICAL-MESOLIMBIC circuit.
Thereby causing a disinhibition of the motor and limbic system.
Disruption in basal ganglia pathways

9. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF TOURETTE
SYNDROME
Tics is the first and most sign
Blinking of eyes spontaneously and repeatedly
Shrugging shoulders
Clearing of throat Inappropriate gesture
Repeating movements of others
Repeating phrases
Clapping hands spontaneously
Grimace and grunts Spontaneous and repeated
words

10. DIAGNOSIS
Needs to be differentiated from other tics disorders
Criteria for diagnosis
1. Number of tics
2. Duration of tics
3. Age on onset

11. TICS M MEASURE
Neurologist observe and analyze to
diagnose .
 This is a test of 13 questions that test
cognitive function with scores
ranging 0-50. Questions on
Orientation, Repitition, Naming and
calculation.

12. Swearing is a rare tic that
affects small number of
people with Tourette
syndrome
.

13. Treatment / Management of Tourette
Syndrome
Unfortunately there are no treatments for Tourette syndrome. But it can
be managed . Management by THERAPY and MEDICATION .
Medications include anti psychotics, epilepsy , Botox injections .
Tourette syndrome can be managed through a combination of therapy
and medications.
During therapy; cognitive behavioural therapy can help the individual
identify triggering events or feelings that trigger the onset of Tourette
syndrome.

14. Surgery
Common tics are blinking,
coughing, throat clearing,
sniffing and facial movements
which could be classified
under motor tics

15. REFERENCE
•Pictures from Microsoft Bing.
•Case study from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm
c/articles/PMC4248263/
•National Center for
biotechnology information.
•https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm
c/articles/PMC10200310