TOURISM MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING PPTpptx

TOURISM MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING PPT

1. Tourism Management and Marketing By : Muskan Khatoon And Vidha .

2. Meaning of Tourism Management Tourism management refers to the process of planning, organizing, controlling, and supervising tourism activities in order to meet the needs of tourists and ensure sustainable development of destinations. It deals with how tourism resources (natural, cultural, human, and financial) are used efficiently for providing the best travel experiences

3. Features of tourism management Tourism Management is an art of getting things done for achievement of goals Tourism management is a continuous process. Tourism management is a goal oriented process. Tourism management is a dynamic task. Tourism management is a group activity. Tourism management is pervasive .

4. Functions of tourism management Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Controlling

5. Process of Tourism Management

6. Levels of tourism management

7. Tourism Planning

8. Concept Of tourism planning Tourism planning can be defined as the process of making decisions for the future ,and not simply the preparation of a ‘plan’. Planning involves implementing decisions and monitoring the outcomes According to A.Kumar Tourism Planning is a “ set of activities to be carried out at the macro and micro levels in the tourism industry to develop and delineate such strategies as facilitate development of Tourism around the world for the benefit of all the parties involved in it .

9. Tourism planning means systematically preparing a framework for developing and managing tourism in a region.
It ensures that tourism resources (natural, cultural, man-made) are used properly.
The aim is to maximize tourist satisfaction, generate income, protect the environment, and benefit local communities. It provides a roadmap for infrastructure development, marketing, policies, and regulations.

10. It avoids unplanned growth (which can cause overcrowding, pollution, and cultural loss). In short:
Tourism planning = “Organized efforts to develop tourism sustainably and efficiently.”

11. Managerial Aspects of Tourism These are the management-related tasks needed to run tourism smoothly: Planning – Setting goals, creating policies, forecasting tourist demand . 2. Organizing – Arranging resources like hotels, transport, staff, and attractions. 3. Staffing (HR Management ) – Recruiting and training guides, managers, employees .

12. 4. Directing – Giving instructions, motivating employees, maintaining service quality.


5. Controlling – Monitoring operations (safety, cleanliness, quality of service).


6. Decision-Making – Taking quick and effective decisions in uncertain situations.


7. Financial Management – Budgeting, pricing, cost control, profit planning.

13. 8. Customer Relationship – Handling complaints, feedback, and ensuring satisfaction. 9. Leadership & Communication – Good leadership and smooth communication with staff, tourists, and stakeholders. 10. Crisis & Risk Management – Managing emergencies like accidents, natural disasters, or security issues.

14. Levels of Tourism Management / Planning Tourism planning and management work at different levels, depending on the area of focus and authority:

15. International Level 🌍 Done by global organizations and international agreements. Focus: promoting world tourism, standardization of travel rules, safety, cooperation between countries.Organizations : UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization) → promotes responsible and sustainable tourism. ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) → regulates air travel. IATA (International Air Transport Association) → airline rules, ticketing systems.

16. PATA (Pacific Asia Travel Association) → promotes Asia-Pacific tourism. Example: “Visit ASEAN” campaigns, global initiatives like Sustainable Tourism Development Goals (STDGs).

17. National Leve l Done by the Central/National Government (e.g., Ministry of Tourism). Focus: national policies, long-term strategies, branding the country as a destination, international marketing. Example: “Incredible India” campaign by Govt. of India.

18. Regional Level Covers a state, province, or group of states/regions. Ensures balanced development between regions, links attractions together, and promotes cultural diversity. Example: Kerala Tourism, Rajasthan Tourism campaigns .

19. Local level Focuses on specific cities, towns, or villages. Deals with site-specific infrastructure: roads, accommodation, local guides, heritage sites, rural tourism. Example: Development of Jaipur city as a heritage tourism hub.

20. Sectoral Level Planning for one sector of tourism at a time. Example: planning only for transport, only for hotels, or only for eco-tourism projects.

21. Spatial Level Related to geographical space/area planning. Example: Coastal tourism planning, mountain tourism planning, or development of an entire island as a tourist hub.

22. Types of tourism planning

23. Spatial Planning Based on geographical areas like mountains, beaches, islands, deserts, etc. The aim is to develop a particular region as a tourism hub. Example: Goa being developed as a coastal tourism destination, or Himachal as a hill tourism state.

24. Sectoral Planning Focuses only on one particular sector of tourism such as hotels, transport, or attractions. It does not consider the overall tourism system, just one part. Example: Planning only airline services for tourists, or developing heritage hotels in Rajasthan.

25. Integrated Planning A holistic approach that combines all sectors (transport, hotels, attractions, marketing) and all areas together in a coordinated way . Helps in balanced growth of tourism without neglecting any sector. Example: Rajasthan tourism development including palaces, desert safaris, heritage hotels, handicrafts, and connectivity together.

26. Complex Planning Used for large-scale tourism projects involving multiple activities and big investments. It requires coordination between government, private sector, and local communities. Example: Planning for the Olympics, World Cup, or building a mega theme park like Disneyland.

27. Centralized Planning All planning decisions are taken by a central authority or government . Ensures uniform policies and strategies at the national level. Example: Ministry of Tourism (India) preparing national tourism policies and master plans.

28. Decentralized Planning Planning is done at the local or state level , often involving communities. Encourages participation of local people and ensures tourism benefits reach them. Example: A village committee developing eco-tourism projects in their own region.

29. Urban Tourism Planning Focuses on developing tourism in cities and metropolitan areas . Includes infrastructure like museums, monuments, heritage walks, shopping complexes, and festivals. Example: Delhi promoting heritage walks, museums, and modern attractions like malls and food festivals.

30. Rural Tourism Planning Focuses on developing tourism in villages and rural areas , highlighting culture, handicrafts, lifestyle, and eco-tourism. Promotes sustainable tourism and provides livelihood to rural communities. Example: Raghurajpur in Odisha being developed as a heritage crafts village showcasing traditional art.

31. Process of Tourism Planning (Managerial Aspects)

32. Assessment of Demand : Study international, national, and regional tourist travel patterns . Estimate demand (number of visitors, spending, origin countries).Helps predict future tourism needs and trends. Analysis of Supply : dentify tourism resources and attractions (natural, cultural, historic, festivals, shopping, etc.).Make an inventory of what already exists .Prioritize unique and accessible attractions that can give a competitive advantage.

33. Forecast of Demand: Match supply and demand to predict future needs (usually for 5–10 years).Helps plan for hotels, transport, and infrastructure . Provides financial estimates for development. Costing and Financing the Plan : Estimate the total cost of the plan (infrastructure, training, new facilities).Decide funding sources (government, private, banks, international agencies).Adjust the plan if costs are too high.

34. Human Resource Planning : Train skilled staff for tourism services . Ensure enough manpower for hotels, travel agencies, and other services . Professional training is crucial for quality service. Marketing and Promotion: Promote the destination locally and internationally . Work with travel professionals, tour operators, airlines, and media . Create a positive image and attract visitors.

35. Implementation : Put the plan into action (build infrastructure, provide services).In many countries, plans fail because of lack of funds or expertise . Implementation strategies must be strong. Evaluation : Monitor progress and check for problems (staff shortage, poor facilities, etc.).Use both qualitative (opinions, experiences) and quantitative (numbers, stats) evaluation . Make changes if objectives are not met.

36. Sustainability: Ensure tourism growth is long-term and eco- friendly.Focus on protecting natural and cultural resources.Train manpower and create self-sustaining development.

37. TOURISM MARKETING

38. Concept of Tourism Marketing Tourism marketing means promoting and selling tourism products (like destinations, hotels, travel packages, cultural experiences) to attract and satisfy tourists. Key Points: Definition : Tourism marketing is the process of identifying tourist needs and wants, creating products (destinations, services, experiences), pricing them properly, promoting them, and delivering them effectively. Intangibility : Tourism services cannot be touched or stored; they are experienced.

39. Perishability : Empty airline seats or hotel rooms cannot be saved for future sale. Heterogeneity : Quality of tourism services can vary (different guides, hotels, etc.). Inseparability : Production and consumption happen together (e.g., a guided tour is delivered and consumed at the same time).

40. 6. Goal : To satisfy tourists, build loyalty, and increase the economic and cultural benefits of tourism. In short : Tourism marketing = attracting tourists + creating satisfaction + building long-term relations.

41. Tourism Marketing Mix The marketing mix in tourism is based on 7Ps (extended from the basic 4Ps).

42. Product Refers to tourism services and experiences (destinations, hotels, transport, events, cultural heritage). Example: A trip to Kashmir with hotel + sightseeing + food + adventure activities.

43. Price Value of the tourism product, including hidden costs (taxes, service charges). Pricing strategies: seasonal pricing, discount offers, package pricing.

44. Place (Distribution) Channels through which tourists access products. Examples: Online travel agencies (MakeMyTrip, Booking.com), tour operators, direct booking from hotel/airline websites.

45. Promotion Communicating the tourism product to attract customers. Tools: Advertisements, social media, brochures, travel fairs, word of mouth .

46. People All persons involved in delivering tourism services. Example: Tour guides, hotel staff, travel agents – their behavior and attitude strongly affect tourist satisfaction.

47. Process The way tourism services are delivered. Example: Easy online booking system, smooth check-in at hotels, clear tour itinerary.

48. Physical Evidence Tangible elements that give confidence about the service quality. Example: Clean hotel rooms, brochures, online reviews, photographs, ambience of restaurants.