tower of pisa ARCHITECTURE REPORTS.pptx

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1. LEANING TOWER OF

2. ORIGIN

3. ORIGIN THE LEANING TOWER OF PISA 1173-1372 AR. BONANNO PISANO, GHERARDO DIN GHERARDO, GIOVANI DI SIMONE (1275) Located in Pisa, Italy. In the 12th century, construction began on the bell tower for the cathedral of Pisa, a busy trade center on the Arno River in western Italy, some 50 miles from Florence. Bell tower was built as manifestation of city’s pride and was meant to reflect rich city of Pisa. 8 stories high, 55 metres , and weighing 14,000 tons. Intricately carved white marble façade.

4. PROBLEM

5. PROBLEM The tower was built on marshland of white metamorphosed limestone which was formerly a river estuary. Due to insufficient geotechnical research and consideration, the engineers failed to appreciate the unstable quality of the silty alluvial soil. An unsuitable foundation scheme was chosen.

6. SOLUTION

7. SOLUTION SOIL EXTRACTION was a successful process that saved Tower from collapse . The team hit on a solution that would reduce the tower's inclination by about half degree - reducing stress on the building's masonry and stabilising its foundations. Engineers dug drains so the water could flow away into wells.