TOWN PLANNING URBAN MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION.pptx

It contains information about town planning and urban management

1. Town planning and urban management Orientation class TOPIC :Affordablehousing By Miss Irum Khan

2. PAPER: TOWN PLANNING & URBAN MANAGEMENT (100 MARKS)I. Definition of Town Planning, Goals and objectives of Town Planning: Town Planning as a multi-disciplinary approach and relationship of Town Planning with other professions. Historical Perspective of Urban Planning: Planning of historical towns in the world. Examples of planned towns in Europe, Nile Valley region, Euphrates and Tigris Valley region and Indus Valley region ( Mohenjodaro , Harappa, Kot Diji and Mehr Garh ) and Gandhara Civilization.

3. SYLLABUS Urban Rural Differences and Hierarchy of Settlements: Urbanization and its effects on the environment of urban areas. History of planning in Pakistan: 5 year plans. Managing Urbanization How to manage urbanization Best Practices and use classification policy Building and development control Removal of encroachments Introduction to Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Housing community and Economic Development:

4. SYLLABUS Prepare professionals with the skills and knowledge of equitable development. Commitment to expanding opportunities and providing quality life for disadvantaged groups. Public Policy and Urban Design Management: Solving social and environmental problems using: a. Economics. Policy analysis. Political science. Urban Design Sustainability, Environmental Policy and Planning: How society conserves and manages its natural resources and works to promote development. Urban Information System ________________________

5. MOST REPEATED QUESTIONS Q1: Discuss different Ways and approaches to reduce the housing cost for the low income people in order to promote equitable development. (20) Q2: How housing for lower and middle income people are becoming a challenge? Why site (20) and services schemes fail to adress the issue of housing for all segments of the society? Discuss. Q3: What is housing affordability? Discuss the housing issues of low- and middle-income groups in the context of affordability. Futher , how Naya Pakistan Housing program can help in resolving the housing issues of the low-and middle-income groups?

6. Q: What is housing affordability? Discuss the housing issues of low- and middle-income groups in the context of affordability. Futher , how Naya Pakistan Housing program can help in resolving the housing issues of the low-and middle-income groups? Affordable housing How can we define affordability? Not only being able to afford to rent or buy a house but also being able to afford to live in it

7. SUPPLY SIDE CHALLENGES (1). Land acquisition (2). Land use (3) Finance (4) Construction Design Demand Side Challenges Grant Exemption Credit Support Services

8. HOUSING AFFORDABILITY 1 3 4 2 01.House Purchase Price. Cost of land infrastructure labour and profit. 02.Ability to Finance down payments depending on available saving existing debt and Loan payments 04.Cost to kept the house land lease insurance and building maintenance 03. Ability to financially service loans. Interest rates and loan tenure income and non housing expenditure.

9. Common Challenges to Affordability Housing cost raising disproportionately to household incomes. Scarcity of land for affordable housing. Demographic changes (Population growth) energy poverty.

10. Measuring Affordability Median multiple method: House price i.e is 3 times or less than the annual income of median household. Housing cost burden housing expenditure should be less than 30% of household income. Residential Income. Residual income (that is sufficient to service basic needs deducted) can finance mortgage obligation. Land Acquisition Land use Zone Fund and securing titling and regulation House design and development determine eligibility Eligibility Evaluate purchase model Credit financing

11. LAND ACQUISITION AND TITLING Land acquisition is perhaps the most important and complicated piece of affordable housing puzzle. The process entails confirmation of ownership, a survey that defines dimension to be acquired, determining market value procurement through fairs process in case of public land and through negotiations in case of private land. Pooling Land Alternate land Tradable Land quotas 10% in China for Agri land Formal Acquisitions. In case seller don’t want to sell but need of hour is to develop that in public interest. Though compensations are paid.

12. TITLING Existence of legal titles and property right encourages investment in land. If not affordable for individual house land. Community right concept . Land trust / bank Land lease concept. As per Un-habitat there is ten year lease in India.

13. Land Use Zonning and Regulation Urban land cover is growing more rapidly than urban population at estimate of twice the rate (UU 2018) Urban sprawl is decreasing density of built environment . Factors contributing to sprawl. Land use pattern that prioritize Personal vehicles. Social norms Land use segregation Economics incentive favoring low density housing (US, increasing Tax for multifamily unit. Unmet needs of dense area Land speculations.

14. Greenfield development allows for large-sized home easy to scale projects clear site development disadvantages commuting distance/cost high cost of urban infra. Brown field development reduce sprawl. Connectivity to already developed network. Encourage high density living. Housing Development Sites

15. ZONNING Intensification in fill development Densification Increasing No. of household TRANSIT OREINTEND ZONING Upgrading infrastructure (transit) making affordable land available along the transit nodes. Algormathic zonning it measure the communities happiness by measuring commute time, service availability/ housing cost A. token based system for correcting externalities and awarding pro-social communities plus program development. initiative of southwales in partnership communities focused on neighborhood reutilization. Mixed used development. It includes all types of zone in single cluster residential, commercial, retail etc. Reduce Commuting time. Vitalize neighborhood

16. INCLUSIONARY ZONNING Inclusionary Zonning is process of developing sector for different income sector ranging from high income to low income Maximum floor to area ratio. Permissible height Emergency control of buildings. Land use Regulation

17. Mexico repealed minimum parking requirements As they were affecting residential development and increasing pressure on rental houses. FSI can succeed density of building not people living there. In building it has promoted urban sprawl 12%. 20% increase in housing prices. Incentivize developers to create small no. of large appartment reducing size. Of space for stairwell lobbies that led to led affordability and supply. Inverse incentive fsI . Which reward developers for building smaller apartments by allowing them more FSI to use.

18. E.G if benchmark is 75Sqm and they develop small apartment of 50 Sqm they will be allowed to develop large appartment and buy 25 sqm below market level. An urban expert Allian bertaud graphed the relationship between cost and height And said it has no environmental considerations. In Norway 2015 assessments of buildings found that height has no impact on Co2 emission upto 12 story increase from 20 to 30 bring negligible. Premium story.

19. How to counter this: David Schleicher perspective tax incremental transfer. Sharing tax revenues from new development with existing residents through rebates in their property taxes. Another way is to land value. Tax model in which underlying value of land is taxes rather than property on land.

20. Funding Affordable housing Special Purpose Vehicle Refinancing BANK AND LOCAL Financial institution Project House hold Institutional Investor Corporate Development project Issue Bonds Issue Bonds

21. Government Funding Facilitating Debt through low interest rates Tax Exemption or incentives Facilitating Debt through low interest rates

22. Funding from Institution investor : Microfinance Institutions credit unions. Funding from capital markets. Real estate investment trust bond market mortgages. Funding through local currency bond markets.

23. To be continued. Join our session to learn more. How to construct affordable housing by innovation in design materials and space.