Toxicology 3

toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...

1. -DR.AKIF A.B

2. 1)A case of poisoning was brought to the casualty,
a gastric lavagewas done, and the lavageturned black
when it was heated after being treated with silver nitrate.
The poisoning is most likely to have been due to which of
the following?
ATik-20
BCelfos
CMalathion
DParathion

3. Ans. BCelfos
Aluminiumphosphide-
AgNo
3filter paper is turned black by fumes of suspected gastric
aspirate containing Phosphine, due to AluminiumPhosphide.
Gastric Lavage
+
Mixed with AgNO3
Heated
Black color

4. -Aluminiumphosphide
-3gm of celphosliberates 1 gm of phosphenewhich inhibits cytochrome
oxidaseand causes respiratory depression.
3gm celphos 1gm phosphene Inhibits Cytochrome
Oxidase
Causes Respiratory
depression

6. 2.Q. Haemodialysisis mandatory in which poisoning?
ACopper sulphatepoisoning
BEthanol poisoning
CAmphetamine poisoning
DOrganophosphoruspoisoning

7. Ans. BEthanol poisoning

8. B = Barbiturates
L = Lithium
A = Alcohol
S = Salicylates
T = Thiophylline/Thiocyanate

9. HEMODIALYSIS IS C.I
in POISONS
erosene
enzodiaepine
hloroquine/CuSO4
eroin

10. 3.Q. Widmark’sformula is used for measurement of blood levels of:
ABenzodiazepines
BBarbiturates
CAlcohol
DTranquilizers

11. Ans. ALCOHOL

12. WIDMARK FORMULA
A = P C R
Wt. of
alcohol Body wt.
Conc.of
alcohol
Constant, Males=0.6
Females= 0.5

13. -Best method for alcohol estimation = Gas chromatography
-Amitabh = Alcohol dehydrogenase
-K = Kozelkatest
-B = Breath analysis test
-C = Cavetttest
Based on Henry’s
Law

14. 4.Q. Which of the following beverages contains the
maximum percentage of alcohol:
AWhisky
BBrandy
CWine
DRum

15. Ans. DRum
Rum = 50-60% alcohol.
Whisky, Gin, Brandy = 40-45%.
Port, Sherry = 20%.
Wine = 10-15%.
Beers = 4-8%.

16. 5.Q. In carbolic acid poisoning, pupils are:
AConstricted and pin-point
BSemi-dilated
CDilated and not responding to light
DIrregularly shaped

17. Ans. Constricted and Pin-Point Pupil

18. F = Formaldehyde
B = Barbiturates
.
C =Carbolic Acid
O = Organophosphorus
M = Opium

19. 6.Q. Glass-blowers shakes’ are seen in poisoning due to:
ALead
BMercury
CArsenic
DCopper

20. Ans. BMercury

21. -Donovan solution = Mercury + Arsenic
-MC mercuric salt causing poisoning is= HgCl2
Mu = MinimataDisease
Mmy = MercuriaLentis
H = Hatter Shake
E = Erethism
A = Acrodynia
D = Danbury Tremors
-Blue-Black line on gums.

22. MINIMATA DISEASE
Minimatadisease, is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury
poisoning.
Symptomsinclude ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle
weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to
hearing and speech.

23. MINIMATA DISEASE

24. MERCURIA LENTIS
-deposition of brown pigment on anterior lens capsule without affecting
visual acuity.
-Brown malt reflex.

25. HATTER SHAKE
Tremor (Intentional, coarse, affecting arms, hands, tongue and later legs,
also called hatter's shake/glass blower's shake/danburytremors)
ERETHISM
Erethism: Psychological disturbance characterisedby shyness, timidness,
loss of memory, depression, insomnia.

26. Acrodynia(Pink disease, characterisedby pain, paraesthesia, pinkish
discolourationof hands and feets)

27. 1)Lead
2)Mercury
3)Iron
4)copper

28. 7.Q. In chronic lead poisoning, there is increased urinary excretion of:
ACoproporphyrin
BProtoporphyrin
CProphobilinogen
DUroporphyrin

29. A) Coproporphyrin

30. LABPARAMETER VALUES REMARK
1) Coproporphyrinin
Urine
>150mcg/l Exposure to lead
2) Amino Levulinic
Acid inUrine
>5mg/l Indicateslead
absorption
3) Lead in blood >70mcg/100ml Clinical symptoms
appears
4) Lead in urine >0.8mg/l Lead exposure and
absorption
5) Basophilic
stippling of RBCs
Punctatebasophilia

31. 8.Q. Hippusis seen in which poisoning:
AAbrus
BAconite
CAlcohol
DDhatura

32. Ans. BAconite
Aconite-late stages Hippusis seen.

33. -Mitha(sweet) Bish/ Mithazeher
-1
st
Symptom is : Numbness of tongue
-Roots are poisonous
-Queen of all poisons
-HippusReaction + : Alternate constriction and dilatation of pupil
Also seen with Barbiturates

34. -Principle : Abrin= similar to Viper’s Venom
Extract from seeds….. Seeds are not poisonous, Only extracts are poisonous
-Used as Animal poison by needle…also k/a Sin Needle

35. -Marking nuts/ bhilawan
-Active principle : Semecarpol
-Juice of seeds produces Artificial Bruise
-Washermanuses it to mark clothes.

36. 9.Q.Antidote in Cyanide poisoning is:
ASodium thiosulphate
BSilver nitrate
CSodium calcium edenate
DSodium bicarbonate

37. Ans. ASodium thiosulphate
Cyanide/HCN
Q
-Amyl nitrite inhaled in handkerchief,
Sodium nitrite i.v. and through the same syringe
Sodium thiosulphatei.v., EDTA.

38. HYDROCYANIC ACID
-Also k/a Prussic Acid
-Derived from Linseed Plant
-Bitter almond smell
-Inhibits enzymes of respiratory chain : 1) Carbonic anhydrase
2) superoxide dismutase
3) Cytochromeoxidase
4) Succinatedehydrogenase
-Rx: Amyl Nitrite
+
Vit. B12
+
Na. Thiosulphate
Triple Antidote
Amyl nitrite + CN = Meth-Hb
Vit.B12 + CN = Cyanocobalamine
Na.thiosulphate+CN= Thiocyanate

39. 10) Q. Haematuriaoccurs from the bite of the:
ACobra
BKrait
CSea snake
DViper

40. Ans. DViper
Non-poisonous snake-Semi-circular set of bite marks.
Poisonous snake-1 or 2 deep fang-marks.
Swallow snake venom-harmless-as not absorbed by GIT.
Most common symptom of snake bite-‘Fright’.
Cobra-Neurotoxic, Cholinesterases; pain & swelling, paralysis,
Drooping eyelids(ptosis), larynx edema, coma, convulsions.
Krait-Neurotoxic, albuminuria, Cholinesterases; No pain & swelling,
drowsiness is more, paralysis, etc, same as for cobra.
Viper-Hemolytic, Hburia, pain & swelling, Hburia, unconsciousness, abd. pain,
No paralysis.
Sea-snakes-Myotoxic, myoglobinuria, pain

41. -found mainly in europiancountries.