Traffic Engineering for Road Safety Audit

Road Safety Audit

1. 1 For effective transportation system, Integration of 5 P is required Politician : for making the policies Policies : for making scheme and standards Planners : for making proposal and Solutions Police : for enforcement and Management People : for making the system Efficient

2. 2 Objectives of Traffic Engineering and Road Safety Safety is the primary objective – More than 1,40,000 people die each year in traffic accidents. Speed (Higher speed means shorter travel time as Interstate highways encourage long distance trips.) Comfort – Involves the physical characteristics of vehicles and roadways Convenience – The ease of making trips and the ability of transport systems to accommodate all travel needs Economy – Try to provide the best possible systems for the money Environmental compatibility – Provide sustainable transport systems

3. 3 The Nature of Transportation Demand This circular, self-reinforcing characteristics of traffic demand creates a central dilemma: building additional transportation capacity invariably leads to incrementally increased travel demands .

4. AVOID VEHICLES EMMISSION POOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT POLLUTION ACCIDENTS INCREASING No OF VEHICLES CONGESTION URBAN TRANSPORT ISSUE CAUSES PROBLEMS CONVENTIONAL APPROACH REDUCE NO. OF VECHLES IMPROVE INFRASTUCTURE 4 SUST &SMART APPROACH INCREASE IMPROVE Pedestrian facilities Non motorized transport Public transit ridership Mobility Private vehicular trips Intelligent transport Landuse transport integration Accessibility

5. Road Safety Congestion reduction Accidents prevention may Associate with Management & Enforcement

6. POOR INFRASTRUCTURE & TRAVEL BEHAVIOR

7. LEADS TO ACCIDENTS

8. Facts about Traffic Congestion & Road accidents 0.14 million people are killed in road accidents every year 16 death per hour Over speed resulting from time lost in traffic jams is a major cause for road accident (22%) At least 120,000 lives can be saved, every year, if traffic congestions are reduced Carbon credits per day (Rs. 80 crores ) Reduced Green House Gas emissions: 13.4 lakh tons per year 8 …according to MORTH

9. Source: Based on RTO, Bhopal Source: CMP Bhopal 2012 VEHICLES GROWTH RATE Private Vehicle Growth rate: 13.15% (annual) Infrastructure growth index: 3.47 % (in terms of funds/road area )

10. 10 2. Incidents (Accidents and breakdown) Poor road geometry Curves Road elevations Site distance Poor road condition Surface quality Type of pavements Coordination for maintenance Lack of infrastructures -Proper Signage Driving behavior Public awareness

11. Congestion measures approach Travel Demand Management Traffic Management Enforcement Capacity Augmentation Sustainable and Smart A pproach 11 Parking M anagement

12. 12 1. TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT Car pooling and other riding share programs : - Discourage vehicle owners from making unnecessary journeys. - Motivating commuters to pool their cars. - Promotion of web and sms based pooling systems Park and Ride schemes: - Park and ride facilities allowing parking at a distance and allowing continuation by public transport or ride sharing.

13. 13 Road Pricing and Entry fee: It has a dual advantage, it reduces traffic on the roads and generates funds that can go towards improving alternative systems of transport Charted buses services and Incentives to use public transport. Parking restraints : Most transport planning experts agree that free parking distorts the market in favour of car travel, increase congestion. Peripheral parking schemes: Parking outside the CBD area

14. 14 2. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT Why management required Reduce traffic congestion Improve mobility Providing safe and comfortable journey Optimum uses of resources Pollution mitigation

15. 2. Congestion pricing : to stop entering vehicle in congested area…………. Imposing higher charges during peak periods, to make it move costly hence less desirable may avoid to travel in peak times 15 Users during peak periods are charged more than non peak hours Raising peak period transit fair Parking surcharges 3. One Way Streets : Increasing capacity of lanes Reduction in the number of conflicts Reduction in Travel Time Reduction in Delays Increased veh -km Achieving optimum capacity of the road

16. 3. Reversible lanes (Tidal Flow) When directional flow is imbalanced 65:35 split reversible lanes can be introduced during peak period Applicable to roads not separated by medians Signing, lane use control devices, overhead signals etc,are to be planned properly 16

17. 17 5. Dedicated lanes for different type of modes ......improve Road capacity Dedicated Bus Lanes : Help make journeys by bus faster and therefore encourages more people to use public transport. MV lane for motorised vehicle like cars, two wheelers etc Cycle lanes: which encourage cycling in the city

18. 18 From TRIP , IIT D

19. 19 3. Enforcement and Capacity Augmentation Built additional Mainline capacity Proper Signage system & Geometric Design Improve and maintenance of road surface Improve public awareness with social activities Imposing high Penalty and fines Incident management : Introduce transportation Management Center for Facility Management Corridor Management Regional Management

20. Advanced Traveler information : Provided to users of transportation systems, travel-related information to assist decision making on route choices, estimate travel times, and avoid congestion. Variable massage Signs Dynamic route Guidance smart poles Use technology to better manage traffic : - Signal sincronisaion - Intelligent transportation system - GPS based information Bicycle integration One ticket for all trips’ strategy. 20 4. Smart and Sustainable Approach

21. Improve NMT Infrastructure Key Elements: Reserve Right of Way Develop appropriate urban environment Intersection treatments Traffic calming strategies other amenities Wide Footpaths Signalised Pedestrian crossing At grade Pedestrian crossing Segregated Foot Paths, Delhi BRTS

22. Driver Road infrastructure Vehicle System Road accidents is seen as a failure of the whole traffic system (interaction between the three elements) rather than a failure of the driver Road safety…….. measures

23. 24 Holistic approach to accident prevention The road infrastructure The driver The vehicle Motivation Training Selection Improve functional ability Design may influence drivers motivation Reduce mental workload and driver error, reduce injury Reduce mental workload and consequenses of driver error Reduce injury if an accident occurs

24. 25 Three components of driver behaviour which may cause accidents Slips and lapses Errors (mistakes) Violations Based on Reason (1990), further developed by Parker et al. (1995):

25. 26 Violations Driving expression of underlying motivation Speeding, close following, dangerous overtaking Motivational and social factors Slips and lapses Technical mastery Choosing the wrong gear Influenced by: Cognitive and motor skills Errors (mistakes) Reading the road hazard perception Misjudge the distance to an approaching car Fail to notice a “Wrong Way” Sign CAUSES REASONS COMPONENTS

26. Twenty percent of drivers text while driving Cell phones cause 1.4 million crashes each year 18 percent of fatalities are distraction-related 30-39- year-olds have the highest proportion of cell phone distraction in fatal crashes …..It is observed

27. Factors affecting Road Traffic Crashes:-- Types of roads and road users. Colliding vehicles. Environment and road related factors like road geometry, design, visibility, diversions etc. Vehicle related causing traffic mix. Inexperienced, untrained and underage, cyclists and rickshaw pullers on the road with no separate path for them. Presence of beggars on busy road junctions and traffic lights. Use of mobile phones while driving. Drug addiction. Presence of wine outlets near the roads. Sale of lotteries, helmets etc near roadside.