Training_Network_2 computer network.pptx

Computer network regarding to the monitor...Then computer cables or wireless signals

1. Computer Network A computer network is a group of computers that are connected for sharing resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be connected through cables or wireless signals.

2. Applications of Network Information Sharing (File Sharing) Resource Sharing (Hardware Sharing) Communication (Email, Chat, Video conference, etc)

3. B ase d o n n / w s i z e a n d purpose i t may be classified as, LAN M A N W A N PAN CAN NETWORK TYPES

4. Local Area Network(LAN) LAN connect groups of computers across short distances (within a building, office, school etc) to share information and resources.

5. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) The network size falls intermediate between LANs and WANs. A MAN typically covers an area of between 5 and 50 km range. Many MANs cover an area the size of a city, although in some cases MANs may be as small as a group of buildings. It consists of number of LANs

6. Wide Area Network(WAN) Wide Area Networks (WANs) may connect computers across the largest geographic areas, which means can connect across various countries It consists of no. of LANs and MANs (e.g. internet)

7. I n t e r n e t

8. Internet Short form of International network The internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide Commonly called Network of networks All of the computers are interconnected but no one can control all of the nodes TC P : - T r a n s m i ss i o n Con t r o l Protocol IP:- Internet Protocol

9. I N T R A NE T An intranet is a private network that can only be accessed by authorized users . For example , a business may create an i nt r a n e t t o a ll ow e m p l o y e es to s e c u r e l y s hare m e ss age s and fi l es with each other

10. Network Models A Network model is a design specification for how the nodes on a network interact and communicate . There are three primary network models: Client/Server(Domain) Peer-to-Peer(Workgroup) Client/server network is a network in which servers provide services to clients. Typically, there is at least one server providing central authentication services . Servers also provide access to shared files, printers, hardware, and applications . In client/server networks, processing power, management services, and administrative functions can be concentrated where needed, while clients can still perform many basic end-user tasks on their own.

11. Workgroup/Peer to Peer A peer-to-peer network is a network in which r esou r ce s h a r i n g , p r ocessi n g, a n d communications control are completely decentralized. All clients on the network are equal in terms of providing and using resources, and users are authenticated by each individual workstation. Peer-to-peer networks are easy and inexpensive to implement . However, they are only practical in very small organizations , due to the lack of central data storage and administration

12. Wind o w s O p e r a ting S y s t e m s Cl i e n t O.S and Server O.S Examples Server 2000 Server 2003 Server 2008 Server 2012 Server 2016 Server 2019 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows vista Windows 07 Windows 08 Windows 8.1 Windows 10

13. Network Media

14. Network Media Types N e t w o r k m e d i a , t h e c on d u i t t h r o u gh which n e t w o r k i n g c om mun i c a ti on s fl o w , c an be either bounded Wi r e d / B ou n d e d m e d ia o r u n bo u n de d. us e a p h y si c al conductor. This conductor can be a metal wire though which electricity flows or a glass or plastic strand through which pulses of light flow. Unbo u nded / W i re l es s m e d ia use electromagnetic signals that are transmitted through the air with radio, infrared radiation.

15. Coaxial cable Coaxial cable , or coax , is a type of copper cable that features a central conductor surrounded by braided or foil shielding . A dielectric insulator separates the conductor and shield and the entire package is wrapped in an insulating layer called a jacket . The data signal is transmitted over the central conductor. The outer shielding serves to reduce electromagnetic interference

16. Twisted pair T wi s t ed pa ir i s a t ype of mul t i p l e i nsu l a t ed c o n duc t o r s a r e c a b l e i n w h i ch twisted around each other and clad in a protective and insulating outer jacket . Typically, two conductors are twisted around each other . These pairs may be twisted together with other pairs depending on the type and size of cabling. Shielding can be added around the bundle of twisted pairs to reduce electronic interference.

17. UTP(unshielded Twisted pair cable)

18. Crimping Tool

19. UTP cable

20. RJ-45 connector

21. LAB 01 LAB 03 LAB 02

22. Fibre optic cable A fiber optic cable is a network cable that contains strands of glass fibers inside an insulated casing. They're designed for long- distance, high-performance data networking, and telecommunications . Fiber optic cables support much of the world's internet, cable television, and telephone systems A fiber-optic cable, also known as an optical- fiber cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable, but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light.

23. Fibre Cable

24. Network Connecting Devices

25. HUB A network hub is a device that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network . The computers connect through Ethernet ports built into the network hub. Typically hubs contain between four and 12 Ethernet ports. These devices are best suited for small local area networks (LAN)

26. S w i t ch A switch is a networking device used to connect the drops in a physical star topology network into a logical bus topology. Switches forward packets to the correct port based on MAC addresses . Switches work with pairs of ports, connecting two segments as needed.

27. Bridge A bridge is a network device that divides a logical bus network into subnets . Bridges examine the MAC address of each packet. If the packet is destined for a node connected to a different port, the bridge forwards the packet.

28. Router A router is a device that provides Wi-Fi and is typically connected to a modem. It sends information from the internet to personal devices like computers, phones, and tablets . These internet-connected devices in your home make up your Local Area Network (LAN)

29. Router

30. R epe at e r s Repeaters are network devices operating at physical layer of the OSI model that amplify or regenerate an incoming signal before retransmitting it . They are incorporated in networks to expand its coverage area. They are also known as signal boosters

31. NIC A network interface controller is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network . Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus.

32. NIC card (Network Interface Card)

33. P r o t o c o l

34. TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) UDP(User Datagram Protocol) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a Transport Layer protocol. UDP is a part of Internet Protocol suite, referred as UDP/IP suite. Unlike TCP, it is unreliable and connectionless protocol

35. ICMP (The Internet Control Message Protocol) I CM P i s a n e t w o r k l e vel p r o t oc o l . I CMP about messages communicate information n e t w o r k c on n e c t iv i ty iss u e s b a c k to t h e source of the compromised transmission. It sends control messages such as destination network unreachable, source route failed Pop3 :-post office protocol ….mail receive protocol

36. IP ADDRESS An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a local network . IP stands for "Internet Protocol, " which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent via the internet or local network IP address is a basic building block of an Internet.

37. 126

38. Class A 10 . . . 2 5 network id:- 10 Host id:-0.0.25 one Network ID and three Host In class A id 11111111 . 00000000.00000000.00000000

39. Class B 172.168.50.1 N e t w o r k I D : - 1 7 2.1 6 8 Host ID :- 50.1 In Class B one network ID Two Host ID 11111111.11111111 . 00000000.00000000

40. Class C 192.168.50.100 Network Id :- 192.168.50. : - 100 three Network ID and one Host ID In Class C network Host ID

41. Wi Fi Wi-Fi is the wireless technology c o nn e c t c o m p u t e r s, t abl e t s, sma r t u sed to p h o nes and other devices to the internet. Wi-Fi is the radio signal sent from a wireless router to a nearby device, which translates the signal into data you can see and use Wi-Fi short for Wireless Fidelity

42. Network Rack

43. LI N UX

44. Linux Fthher of linux :- linux torwald Multi user multi tasking o.s 7 terminals 1text mode Open source o.s Eg:- redhat ,fedora,kali linux,Ubuntu Default boot loader I n linux :-grub