22
เอกสารอvางอิง
1. Kanechorn Na Ayuthaya, P., Niumphradit, N., Manosroi, A., & Nakakes, A. (2012). Topical 5% tranexamic
acid for the treatment of melasma in Asians: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.
Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 14(3), 150-154. https://doi.org/10.3109/14764172.2012.685478
2. Ebrahimi B, Naeini FF. Topical tranexamic acid as a promising treatment for melasma. J Res Med Sci.
2014 Aug;19(8):753-7. PMID: 25422661; PMCID: PMC4235096.
3. 3. Maeda, K. Mechanism of Action of Topical Tranexamic Acid in the Treatment of Melasma and Sun-
Induced Skin Hyperpigmentation. Cosmetics 2022, 9, 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9050108
4. Ausen K, Pleym H, Liu J, Hegstad S, Nordgård HB, Pavlovic I, Spigset O. Serum Concentrations and
Pharmacokinetics of Tranexamic Acid after Two Means of Topical Administration in Massive Weight Loss
Skin-Reducing Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2 0 1 9 Jun;1 4 3 ( 6 ) : 1 1 6 9 e-1 1 7 8 e. https://doi.org/1
0.1097/PRS.0000000000005620. PMID: 31136475; PMCID: PMC6553511.
5. DrugBank. Tranexamic acid [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00302
6. Shiehzadeh F, Mohebi D, Chavoshian O, Daneshmand S. Formulation, Characterization, and
Optimization of a Topical Gel Containing Tranexamic Acid to Prevent Superficial Bleeding: In Vivo and
In Vitro Evaluations. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2023 Aug 22;20(4):261-269. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galen
os.2022.60687. PMID: 37606011; PMCID: PMC10445226.
7. Netmeds. TRANESMA 5% Gel 30 gm [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https://www.netmeds.com/
prescriptions/tranesma-5-gel-30gm
8. Amazon.in. Tranesma 3% Gel 30 gm [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https://www.amazon.in/Tranesma-
3-Tube-30g-Gel/dp/B0BLZ48WFS
9. Chandrashekar NS, Shobha Rani RH. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters in drug selection
and loading for transdermal drug delivery. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008 Jan;70(1):94-6. https://doi.org/
10.4103/0250-474X.40340. PMID: 20390089; PMCID: PMC2852070.
10. Namjoshi, S.; Dabbaghi, M.; Roberts, M.S.; Grice, J.E.; Mohammed, Y. Quality by Design: Development of
the Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) for Semisolid Topical Products. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 287.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12030287
11. Hoque, Fariyal & McGrath, John & Shaude, Syed. (2022). Melasma (Chloasma): Pathogenesis and
Treatment. Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine. 05. https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280064
12. Taraz M, Niknam S, Ehsani AH. Tranexamic acid in treatment of melasma: A comprehensive review of
clinical studies. Dermatol Ther. 2017 May;30(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.12465. Epub 2017 Jan 30.
PMID: 28133910.
13. Dreher, F., Jungman, E., Sakamoto, K., & Maibach, H.I. (Eds.). (2022). Handbook of Cosmetic Science and
Technology (5th ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003032694
14. Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Tranexamic Acid [Internet]. Available from: https://jpdb.nihs.go.jp
/jp14e/14data/Part-I/Tranexamic_Acid.pdf
15. Safety Data Sheet. Tranexamic Acid [Internet]. Available from: https://cdn.caymanchem.com
/cdn/msds/19193m.pdf
16. Drugbank. Tranexamic Acid [Internet]. Available from: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00302