Transcription and translation in prokaryotes

This PowerPoint presentation is about Transcription and Translation in prokayotes which highlights the processes involves in Transcription and Translation in prokayotes.

1. GOVERNMENT SCIENCE COLLEGE, GADCHIROLI Topic name- Transcription and Translation in Prokaryotes PGTD Department P r e s e n ted by, PUNAM N. BHAKARE M . S c . II YEAR , s e m 3 r d S e s s i on Winter 2018

2. C o n t a i ns Transcription 1 ) Initiation, 2 ) Elongation 3 ) Termination Translation 1 ) Initiation, 2 ) E l o n g a tion 3 ) T e r m i n a t i on

3. Transcription The process where by RNA is synthesized on template of DNA. The mechanism of transcription completes in three major steps : Initiation, Elongation, Termination

4. Initiation :- Bacterial RNA polymerase is a principle enzyme involved in transcription. RNA polymerase can move along the template synthesizing RNA beginning from the startpoint till it encounters a sequence which signals terminal transcription. The holoenzyme complex binds to specific sequence on template DNA strand called promotor.

5. Closed complex Open complex

6. Elongation :- Polymerisation, Protein bridge, Proof reading

7. Termination Rho D ependent Rho dependent ,in this mechanism transcription is terminated by rho protein.

8. Rho independent In this mechanism, transcription is terminated due to specific sequence in terminator DNA.

9. Translation : - It is an process of synthesis of protein by encoding information on mRNA. Process of translation involve activation of amino acid and formation of the polypeptide chain. Formation of polypeptide chain is an actual traslation which involve: Initiation, Elongation , Termination

10. Initiation This process needs initiation factors. In prokaryotes the first AA- tRNA complex has amino acid and N- formyl metheonine. When Mg++ ion increases the process of binding ribosomes to the mRNA start which is actual initiation.

11. Elongation Binding of AA-tRNA at A-site. Peptide bond formation. Ribosome translocation.

12. Termination: The peptide bond formation and elongation of polypeptide continues until stop codon appear on A-site. The stop codon are recognizes by the release factor (RF). Long polypeptide chain of amino acid obtain at the end of termination. i.e. newly synthesized protein