Transducer working and advantage introduction

Transducer working, principal, advantage introduction

1. TRANSDUCERTRANSDUCER

2. What is TransducerWhat is Transducer
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A transducer is an electronic device that converts energy from one form to another.
The process of converting energy from one form to another is known as transduction.
A device converts a physical quantity into the proportional electrical signal.
The energy transmission may
Electrical. Optical.
Mechanical. Thermal.
Chemical.
examples : loudspeakers, microphones, thermometers and LEDs.

3. Types of transducerTypes of transducerTypes of transducer

1. Chemical transducers.
2. Piezoelectric transducers.
3. Mutual induction transducers.

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1.1. Chemical transducers
Transducers are responsible for intaking the chemical information of the
interaction between the receptor and analyte and converting it into
corresponding electrical information.
2.2. Piezoelectric transducers
Piezoelectric transducers are a type of electroacoustic transducer that
convert the electrical charges produced by some forms of solid materials into
energy.
3. Mutual induction transducers
In this type, two coils are used for mutual induction. one for generating
excitation and another for output. the voltage difference between the two
coils depends on the movement of the armature.

5. Block Diagram for a TransducerBlock Diagram for a TransducerBlock Diagram for a Transducer
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The sensing elements produces a measurable a response to the change in physical quantities. The sensing elements produces a measurable a response to the change in physical quantities. The sensing elements produces a measurable a response to the change in physical quantities.
The Transduction element converts the sensor output to suitable electrical form.The Transduction element converts the sensor output to suitable electrical form.
Sensing
Elements
Transduction
Elements
Input
Sensor
Output
Output

6. CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSDUCERSCLASSIFICATION OF TRANSDUCERS
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Transducers and Inverse transducers. Transducers and Inverse transducers. Transducers and Inverse transducers.
Active and Passive transducers. Active and Passive transducers.
Primary and Secondary transducers. Primary and Secondary transducers.
Analog and Digital transducer. Analog and Digital transducer.

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Transducer: Transducer: Transducer: Transducer:
Transducers convert non electrical quantity to electrical quantity. Transducers convert non electrical quantity to electrical quantity.
example: Mic-sound energy to electrical energy example: Mic-sound energy to electrical energy
Invers transducers:Invers transducers:Invers transducers:
Invers transducers converts electrical quantity to a non electrical quantity. Invers transducers converts electrical quantity to a non electrical quantity.
example: Piezoelectric crystal-when voltage is applied across its surfaces,
it changes its dimensions causing a mechanical displace ment.
example: Piezoelectric crystal-when voltage is applied across its surfaces,
it changes its dimensions causing a mechanical displace ment.
example: Piezoelectric crystal-when voltage is applied across its surfaces,
it changes its dimensions causing a mechanical displace ment.

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Active transducers :Active transducers :
It operates under energy conversation.It operates under energy conversation.
Not require external power supply . It is self generating deviceNot require external power supply . It is self generating device
The energy required for the production of output signal is obtained from the physical quantity.The energy required for the production of output signal is obtained from the physical quantity.
Example: Photovoltaic cell , piezoelectric crystal, etc.Example: Photovoltaic cell , piezoelectric crystal, etc.
Passive transducers :Passive transducers :
It operates under energy controlling principle.It operates under energy controlling principle.
It require external power supply.It require external power supply.
A DC power supply or an audio frequency generator.A DC power supply or an audio frequency generator.
The energy required for the production of the output signal is obtained from the power supply.The energy required for the production of the output signal is obtained from the power supply.
Output signal-variation in resistance , capacitance, inductanceOutput signal-variation in resistance , capacitance, inductance
Example : thermistors , strain gauge , LDR , etcExample : thermistors , strain gauge , LDR , etc

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Primary transducers :Primary transducers :
The mechanical devises converts the physical quantity to be measured
into mechanical signal. such mechanical devise are known as primary
transducers.
The mechanical devises converts the physical quantity to be measured
into mechanical signal. such mechanical devise are known as primary
transducers.
The mechanical devises converts the physical quantity to be measured
into mechanical signal. such mechanical devise are known as primary
transducers.
The mechanical devises converts the physical quantity to be measured
into mechanical signal. such mechanical devise are known as primary
transducers.
because, they deal with the physical quantity to be measured. because, they deal with the physical quantity to be measured.
Secondary transducers :Secondary transducers :
The electrical devices then converts this mechanical signal into a
corresponding electrical signal.
The electrical devices then converts this mechanical signal into a
corresponding electrical signal.
The electrical devices then converts this mechanical signal into a
corresponding electrical signal.
Such electrical devices are known as secondary transducers.Such electrical devices are known as secondary transducers.

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Analog transducers :Analog transducers :Analog transducers :
The transducers which convert input quantity in to Analog output as a
continuous function of time is called as Analog transducers
The transducers which convert input quantity in to Analog output as a
continuous function of time is called as Analog transducers
The transducers which convert input quantity in to Analog output as a
continuous function of time is called as Analog transducers
Its output is Analog in nature. It gives continuous output.Its output is Analog in nature. It gives continuous output.
Example : Thermistors, strain gauge, etcExample : Thermistors, strain gauge, etc
Digital transducers :Digital transducers :
The transducers which converts the input quantity into electrical out put in the
form of pulses is called as Digital transducers.
The transducers which converts the input quantity into electrical out put in the
form of pulses is called as Digital transducers.
The transducers which converts the input quantity into electrical out put in the
form of pulses is called as Digital transducers.
Its output is digital in nature.Its output is digital in nature.
It gives discrete output.It gives discrete output.

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSDUCERSCHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSDUCERS
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RuggednessRuggedness
LinearityLinearity
RepeatabilityRepeatability
AccuracyAccuracy
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High stability and reliabilityHigh stability and reliability
Speed of responseSpeed of response
SensitivitySensitivity
Small sizeSmall size

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Ruggedness:Ruggedness:
The transducers should be mechanically rugged to withstand overloads,
it should have overload protection.
The transducers should be mechanically rugged to withstand overloads,
it should have overload protection.
The transducers should be mechanically rugged to withstand overloads,
it should have overload protection.
Linearity :Linearity :
The output of the transducers should be linearly proportional to the
input quantity under measurement. It should have linear input output
characteristics.
The output of the transducers should be linearly proportional to the
input quantity under measurement. It should have linear input output
characteristics.
The output of the transducers should be linearly proportional to the
input quantity under measurement. It should have linear input output
characteristics.
The output of the transducers should be linearly proportional to the
input quantity under measurement. It should have linear input output
characteristics.
Repeatability:Repeatability:
The output of the transducer must be exactly the same , under same
environmental conditions ,which the same quantity is applied at the
input
The output of the transducer must be exactly the same , under same
environmental conditions ,which the same quantity is applied at the
input
The output of the transducer must be exactly the same , under same
environmental conditions ,which the same quantity is applied at the
input
The output of the transducer must be exactly the same , under same
environmental conditions ,which the same quantity is applied at the
input

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Accuracy :Accuracy :
It is defined as the closeness with which the reading approaches an
acceptable standard value , or ideal value or true value of the variable
being measured
It is defined as the closeness with which the reading approaches an
acceptable standard value , or ideal value or true value of the variable
being measured
It is defined as the closeness with which the reading approaches an
acceptable standard value , or ideal value or true value of the variable
being measured
It is defined as the closeness with which the reading approaches an
acceptable standard value , or ideal value or true value of the variable
being measured
High stability and reliabilityHigh stability and reliability
The output of the transducer should be highly stable and reliable , so that
these will be minimum error in measurement. The output must remain
unaffected by environmental conditions such as change in temperature ,
pressure, etc
The output of the transducer should be highly stable and reliable , so that
these will be minimum error in measurement. The output must remain
unaffected by environmental conditions such as change in temperature ,
pressure, etc
The output of the transducer should be highly stable and reliable , so that
these will be minimum error in measurement. The output must remain
unaffected by environmental conditions such as change in temperature ,
pressure, etc
The output of the transducer should be highly stable and reliable , so that
these will be minimum error in measurement. The output must remain
unaffected by environmental conditions such as change in temperature ,
pressure, etc
The output of the transducer should be highly stable and reliable , so that
these will be minimum error in measurement. The output must remain
unaffected by environmental conditions such as change in temperature ,
pressure, etc
Size :Size :
The transducer should have smallest possible size and shape with minimum
weight and volume
The transducer should have smallest possible size and shape with minimum
weight and volume
The transducer should have smallest possible size and shape with minimum
weight and volume

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Sensitivity :Sensitivity :
The sensitivity of the transducer is defined as the out put unit
change in the physical parameter of the input.
The sensitivity of the transducer is defined as the out put unit
change in the physical parameter of the input.
The sensitivity of the transducer is defined as the out put unit
change in the physical parameter of the input.
Speed of response :Speed of response :
It is the rapidly with which the transducer responses to change in
the measured quantity the speed of response of a transducer should
be high as practicable.
It is the rapidly with which the transducer responses to change in
the measured quantity the speed of response of a transducer should
be high as practicable.
It is the rapidly with which the transducer responses to change in
the measured quantity the speed of response of a transducer should
be high as practicable.
It is the rapidly with which the transducer responses to change in
the measured quantity the speed of response of a transducer should
be high as practicable.

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