translation skills ( types of translation)

Translation is the process of translating text from one language into another language

1. Translation skills

2. T ranslation: The process of translating words or text from one language into another language is called translation. Types of translation : There are two types of translation: Written translation Oral translation

3. Written translation : It is a type of translation in which we translate given text by writing. Oral translation : It is a type of translation in which we translate given text by speaking. Source language: The language of the original text is called as source language. Target language: The language into which the text is translated is called as target language.

4. Translation skills requirements: Knowledge of language The richness of vocabulary Depth of culture Vision of translator Reading comprehension Research composition

5. Kinds of translation: There are three kinds of translation: Intralingual translation Interlingual translation Intersemiotic translation

6. Intralingual translation : Type of translation within same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase. Interlingual translation : Type of translation from one language to another language. Intersemiotic translation : This is a translation of verbal sign by non verbal sign. e.g music or image

7. Translation techniques: Direct translation technique: It includes: Borrowing: is the taking of words directly from one language into Another Language without translation. Calque : is a phrase borrowed from another language and translated literally word for word. Literal translation : means word to word translation of given text of any language. Oblique translation : this technique is used when the structural and conceptual elements of the source language can not be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of target language.

8. Qualities of good translation: A good translation is easily understood. A good translation is fluent and smooth. A good translation is idiomatic. A good translation conveys the literary subtitles of original text. The translation should capture the style of original text.

9. Some tips for good translation: Carefully read every sentence of the original text. Express the sense of the sentence as a whole. Avoid literal translation . Take care of target language, tense, sentence structure. Break long sentence into some short sentence. Create the same impression as maintained by the original sentence.

10. MCQs What is the primary goal of translation ? a. Word-for-word replication b. Cultural adaptation c. Literal interpretation d. Speed of completion Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing translation quality ? a. Context b. Tone c. Speed d. Register Why is translation considered a crucial skill in today's globalized world? a . It helps preserve linguistic purity b. It facilitates effective communication across language barriers c. It reduces the need for multicultural understanding d. It promotes the dominance of a single language What role does translation play in business and international relations ? a. It hinders cross-cultural collaboration b. It limits the reach of products and services c. It facilitates global communication and promotes trade d. It has no impact on international business How does translation contribute to the dissemination of knowledge and information globally ? a. It restricts access to information in different languages b. It promotes a single cultural perspective c. It enables the sharing of ideas and information across languages d. It is irrelevant to the spread of knowledge

11. What is "borrowing" in translation ? a. Lending words from the source language to the target language b. Adopting words from the target language into the source language c. Translating without using any reference materials d. Creating new words for translation Which of the following is an example of borrowing in translation ? a. Translating "restaurant" as " 食堂 " in Chinese b. Translating "email" as " correo electrónico " in Spanish c. Translating "chat" as " bavardage " in French d. Translating "computer" as " компьютер " in Russia What is a "calque" in translation ? a. A borrowed word with a similar sound in the target language b. A word-for-word translation of an idiomatic expression c. A word that has a different meaning in the target language d. A creative translation that adds new element Which of the following is an example of calque in translation ? a. Translating "cul-de-sac" as "bottom of the bag" in English b. Translating "déjà vu" as "already seen" in French c. Translating "sushi" as "raw fish" in Japanese d. Translating "entrepreneur" as " unternehmer " in Germa What is the potential drawback of excessive borrowing in translation ? a. Increased cultural adaptation b. Reduced clarity for the target audience c. Improved linguistic consistency d. Enhanced fluency in the target language

12. When might a translator choose to use borrowing instead of creating a new word in the target language ? a. To add creativity to the translation b. To maintain linguistic purity c. To simplify the translation process d. To adapt to cultural preferences in the target language What is the primary advantage of using calques in translation ? a. Preserving the cultural integrity of the source language b. Ensuring smooth readability for the target audience c. Maintaining a literal translation approach d. Avoiding the need for linguistic adaptation In the context of translation, what is the risk associated with excessive reliance on borrowing from the source language ? a. Loss of cultural specificity b. Increased linguistic creativity c. Enhanced clarity for the target audience d. Improved fluency in the target language When is it appropriate to use calques in technical or specialized translations ? a. Always, as they enhance precision b. When there are no equivalent terms in the target language c. Only in literary translations d. Never, as they can confuse the target audience