Transmission in computer networks.pptx

Transmission ppt

1. Transmission: The process of transferring data from one place to another is known as transmission. The two main types of data transmission used in computer networking are synchronous transmission and asynchronous transmission.

2. How Data Transmission happens: Simplex Data can only flow in one direction. Example: A TV broadcast where the signal goes from the station to the viewer. Half-Duplex Data can travel in both directions, but only one way at a time. Example: Walkie-talkies, where one person talks while the other listens. Full-Duplex Data can travel simultaneously in both directions. Example: Phone calls, where both people can talk and listen at the same time.

3. Transmission Modes

4. Synchronous transmission 1. Synchronous transmission is used for transmitting large volumes of data. 2. It is recognized as a reliable and efficient data transfer method. 3. The clocks of both sender and receiver are synchronized, enabling uninterrupted data flow. 4. Data is continuously streamed with timing signals, and start and stop bits help organize data into frames. 5. The initial part of the data frame contains synchronization characters to alert the receiver. 6. Proper synchronization between sender and receiver is essential for accurate data transmission. Example’s: Transfer of large text file’s, Chatroom’s, Video conferencing, Telephone conversations, etc.,

5. Advantages - Allows transmission of large data volumes. - Enables real-time communication. - Data is sent continuously without delays. - Reduces timing errors. - Both sender and receiver clocks must be synchronized. - Accuracy relies on the receiver's ability to count bits precisely. Disa dvantages

6. Asynchronous Transmission 1. Asynchronous transmission, also called start/stop transmission, uses flow control to send data. 2. Data is transmitted without using a clock for synchronization between sender and receiver. 3. Each character (8 bits) is sent with a start bit before and a stop bit after, totaling 10 bits, using character-based synchronization. 4. The receiver does not know when data will arrive, detecting it only after the first bit has been transmitted. 5. This method eliminates the need for continuous two-way communication. Example: Emails, messaging platforms, radios, etc.,

7. Advantages 1. No need for synchronization between transmitter and receiver. 2. Highly flexible and adaptable to various use cases. 3. Simple to implement. 4. Can handle different bit rates from different sources. 5. Data transmission can resume as soon as a byte is available. Disa dvantages 1. Timing errors may occur due to lack of synchronicity. 2. Slower transmission due to the addition of start and stop bits. 3. Noise interference may cause false bit recognition.

8. Synchronous Asynchronous Data Format Sends data in blocks or frames Sends data in bytes or characters Speed Fast transmission Slower transmission Cost Expensive Economical Timing Constant transmission intervals Random intervals Data Gaps No gaps between data Gaps present between data Efficiency Efficient use of transmission lines Line remains idle during gaps. Start/Stop Bits No start/stop bits Start/stop bits are used. Error Handling Real-time error detection and correction Errors corrected, when data is received. Latency Low latency due to real-time communication Higher latency due to processing time and waiting for data Examples Telephonic conversations, video conferencing, online gaming, etc., Email, file transfers, online forms, etc.,