Transportation in India

it is based on topic lifelines of Indian economy of Class 10 Geography topic .it gives a brief description about different means and modes of transport available in India Its advantages as well as its features.

1. Transportation in India Made By- Jash Shah Class -10 th Roll no.-33 Subject:-ICT Amrish R. Patel School (C.B.S.E )

2. Transportation Transport is a means of carrying goods and people from one place to another. Transport is an important part of  India 's  economy  but it is poor in comparison with international standards. Since the  economic liberalization  of the 1990s, infrastructure development has progressed rapidly. Today there is a variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. Introduction:-

3. Traditional means of Transport Walking Palanquin Hand-pulled rickshaw Bullock cart and horse carriage Cycle rickshaw

4. Modern Means of Transportation

5. Land Transport 1. Road Transport It is the oldest form of transport. It includes various means such as bullock cart, tempo, auto rickshaw, busses, car etc. It is economical for short distance. There are less overheads and less cost in terms of maintenance. It provides personalized service.

6. Classification of Roads Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways National highways State highways District highways Border roads

7. 2. Rail Transport Rail transport in India Passenger km 1,158.7 billion (2014) Freight 106 million tonnes (2014) System length Total 68,525 kilometers In India railways are owned and managed by the Central Government . It is suitable for bulky goods. It is economical for long distance. There is regularity in the operation of train. There is less pollution, as the train operates on electricity. There is uniformity in rates as the rates are fixed by the government.

8. 3.Pipelines transport Its a new arrival It is used to transport crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are high . It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays. Important networks:-1)from upper Assam to Kanpur(UP) 2)from Salaya (GJ) to Jalandhar (PB) 3)from Hazira (GJ) to Jadishpur (UP)

9. Water Transport India is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. Therefore it has a long coastline. Water transport refers to movement of goods and passengers on waterways. With the help of these means goods and passengers are carried to different places, both within as well as outside the country.

10. Features Water transport plays an important role in international trade. It possesses high load carrying capacity. It is a relatively economical mode of transport for bulky and heavy goods. Water transport does not require any special infrastructure like roads, and airport. Sea transport requires large investment on ships and their maintenance.

11. 1.Inland Water Transport India has inland navigation water ways of 14,500 km in length. Out of these only 5685 km are navigable by mechanized vessels. About 50 million tonnes of cargo corresponding to 2.82 billion tonne km was transported in 2005-06 by Inland Water Transport (IWT ).  Considering the inherent advantages of this mode, the Govt. of India is trying to develop this means of transport.

12. National waterways NW1:- Allahabad- Haldia stretch of the Ganga —Bhagirathi-Hooghly Rivers(1620 km) NW2 :- Sadiya-Dhubri Stretch of Brahmaputra River NW3 :- Kollam -Kozhikode Stretch of West Coast Canal and Champakara and Udyogmandal Canals NW4 :- Specified stretches of Godavari and Krishna rivers along with K akinda Puducherry stretch of canals(1078km) NW5 :- Specified stretches of river Brahmani along with Matai river delta channels of Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers and E ast Coast Canal(588 km)

13. 2.Overseas Water Transport India has wide coast line of nearly 7,516.6 km. India is dotted with 12 major and 187,notified non-major ports. These major ports handle 95%of India’s foreign trade. Transport facilities available along the vast coast line of the country through ships is called coastal shipping. It is the cheapest mode of transport. Generally speaking, Oceanic Transport means the movement of ships between the countries through sea routes.

14. Major Sea Ports Sea Port Name Location Chennai Port or Madras Port Chennai, Madras Haldia (Kolkata Dock System & Haldia Dock Complex) Kolkata Jawaharlal Nehru Port, also known as Nhava Sheva Maharashtra, South Mumbai Kamarajar Port or Ennore Port Ennore, Chennai Kandla Port Gujarat, Gulf of Kutch Kochi Port or Cochin Port Kochi, Kerala New Mangalore Port Manglore, Karnataka Mormugao Port Panaji, Goa Mumbai Port West Mumbai, Maharashtra Panaji Panaji Goa Paradip Jagatsinghpur, Odisha Tuticorin Port (now called V.O.Chidambaram Port) Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu Visakhapatnam Port Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

15. Airways Air transport is of recent origin in the development of transport system of a country. Air transport provides the fastest practical means of transportation. Indian air transport is one of the fastest developing aviation sectors of the world.

16. Features Air transport is the most modern and the quickest mode of transport. Air transport is very expensive, as the operating costs of airplanes are high. Air transport provides comfortable, efficient and quick transport service. Air transport requires less investment on infrastructure. Air transport is free from physical barriers. It plays a significant role in the national defence of the country. Air transport is the most risky form of transport because the chances of accidents are greater in comparison to other modes of transport.

17. Major Airports Rank Name City State 1 Indira Gandhi International Airport Delhi Delhi 2 Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Mumbai Maharashtra 3 Kempegowda International Airport Bengaluru Karnataka 4 Chennai International Airport Chennai Tamil Nadu 5 Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad Telangana 6 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport Kolkata West Bengal 7 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport Ahmedabad Gujarat 10 Pune International Airport Pune Maharashtra

18. Benefits Of Transportation Transport plays a significant role in the overall economic development. Transportation results into growth of infrastructure, industrialization and massive production. 1. Industrial growth 2. Creates employment 3. Creates place utility 4. Bring countries closer 6. Stability in prices 7. Specialization and division of labour 8. Use of Economic resources 9.Raises the standard of living

19. Summary of Evolution of Transportation in India