TRANSPORTATION OF INFECTED PATIENTS & UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS.pptx

Transportation of infected patients

1. TRANSPORTATION OF INFECTED PATIENTS Transporting clients with infections outside their own rooms is avoided unless absolutely necessary. If a client must be moved, the nurse implements appropriate precautions and measures to prevent soilage of the environment. e.g.. The nurse ensures that any draining wound is securely covered or places a surgical mask on the client who has an air-borne infection. In addition the nurse notifies personal

2. TRANSPORTATION OF INFECTED PATIENTS at the receiving area of infection risk so that they can maintain necessary precautions. At times a client being transported may drain body fluids on to a stretcher or wheel chair. When this occurs, the nurse must be sure to have the equipment cleaned after the client returns to the room. An extra layer at sheets may be used to cover the stretcher or seat of the wheel chair.

3. TRANSPORTATION OF INFECTED PATIENTS Personnel in diagnostic or procedural areas or the operating room should notified that the client is on isolation precautions. The nurse explains the ways that the client can help to prevent transmission of infection during transport. A client on respiratory isolation is given tissues and a bag to allow proper disposal of secretions. The nurse records the type of isolation in the chart

4. STANDARD SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS) The techniques used with the clients to decrease the risk of transmitting unidentified pathogens. Universal precautions obstruct the spread of blood-borne pathogens, those microorganisms carried in blood and body fluids that are capable of infecting other persons with serious and difficult to treat viral infections namely Hepatitis B, Hepatitis – C and HIV.

5. Universal precautions refer to the practice of avoiding contact with patient's body fluids by means of the wearing of nonporous such as medical gloves, goggles and face shields. Medical instruments especially, scalpels and hypodermic needles should be handled carefully and disposed of properly in sharps container.

6. Universal precautions should be practiced in any environment where workers are exposed to body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, synovial fluid, Amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, bodily fluids, that do not require such precautions include : Feces, nasal secretions, urine, vomitus, perspiration, sputum, saliva.

7. Universal precautions are the infection control techniques that where recommended following the AIDS outbreak in 1980. Essentially it means that every patient is treated as if they are infected and therefore precautions are taken to minimize risk. Essentially universal precautions are good hygiene habits, such hand washing and the use of gloves and barriers, correct sharps handling and aseptic techniques.

8. Conditions Indicating Additional Precautions : Disease with air-borne transmission (e.g. tuberculosis) Disease with droplet transmission (e.g. mumps, rubella, influenza, pertussis ) Transmission by direct or indirect contact with dried skin (e.g. colonization with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) or contaminated surfaces or any combinations of the above.

9. Conditions Indicating Additional Precautions : Universal precautions are recommended not only for doctors, nurses and patients but support workers. Some support workers, most notably laundry and housekeeping staff, may be required to come into contact with patient's or body fluids.

10. TRANSMISSION BASED PRECAUTIONS Transmission-Based Precautions, also known as additional infection control precautions in health care, are the latest routine infection prevention and control practices applied for patients who are known o suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents, including certain epidemiologically important pathogens. The latter require additional control measures to effectively prevent transmission.

11. Transmission Based Precautions are used when the route(s) of transmission is (are) not completely interrupted using Standard Precautions alone . Three categories of Transmission-Based Precautions are designed with respect to the modes of transmission Contact Precautions Droplet Precautions Air-borne Precautions

12. 1. Contact Precautions : Contact Precautions are intended to prevent transmission of infectious agents, including epidemiologically important microorganisms, which are spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or the patient's environment. Healthcare personnel caring for patients on Contact Precautions wear a gown and gloves interactions that may involve contact with the patient or potentially contaminated areas in the patient‘s for all environment .

13. 2 . Droplet Precautions: Droplet Precautions are intended to prevent transmission of pathogens spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions. Spatial separation of > 3 feet and drawing the curtain between patient beds is especially important for patients in multi-bed rooms with infections transmitted by the droplet route.

14. Health care personal must wear a mask during close contact with the infectious patient, the mask must be worn before entering into the room. While transporting the infections patient outside, the patient must wear a mask, in order to prevent the spread of droplet infection from the infected patient to the healthy person and follow respiratory hygiene.

15. 3. Air-borne Precautions: Air-borne Precautions prevent transmission of infectious agents that remain infectious over long distances when suspended in the air (e.g. rubella virus [measles), varicella virus [chickenpox]. M. tuberculosis for some diseases that have multiple routes of transmission (e.g. SARS), more than one Transmission-Based Precautions category may be used.

16. When used either singly or in combination, they are always used in addition to Standard Precautions. Masking the patient, placing the patient in a private room (e.g. office examination room) with the door closed, and providing higher level respirators or masks if respirators are not available for healthcare personnel will reduce the likelihood of air-borne transmission . When Transmission-Based Precautions are indicated, efforts must be made to counteract possible adverse effects on patients (i.e.. anxiety, depression and other mood disturbances).