Tray vs packed column
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Dec 25, 2019
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About This Presentation
Distillation is the basic and oldest chemical separation process used in the chemical industries and petroleum refining.
Let's recognize the difference between Packed and Plate columns in industry and the comparison of their usage!
Slide Content
Tray vs. Packed Column
For Chemical Engineering Applications
Prepared By\ Eng. Abdelrahman Kamal
For Chemical Engineering Applications
Prepared By\ Eng. Abdelrahman Kamal
Plate Column
Introduction
= Plate columns can handle wide range of gas and liquid flow rates.
= Plate column provide stage controlled contact.
= Plate column operation is considerably smooth.
Plate efficiency can be predicted more accurately
When the liquid cause fouling or deposition of solids, even though the tray
is blocked up, it is easier to clean it.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Introduction
= Plate columns can handle wide range of gas and liquid flow rates.
= Plate column provide stage controlled contact.
= Plate column operation is considerably smooth.
Plate efficiency can be predicted more accurately
When the liquid cause fouling or deposition of solids, even though the tray
is blocked up, it is easier to clean it.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column
Introduction
Ca Ta
Cul
= Plate column is composed of several equilibrium stages.
= Every Equilibrium Stage has its own VLE (vapour liquid equilibrium)
different
VLE in Equilibrium stages are related to previous equilibrium stage
VLE and affect the next one.
= Equilibrium Stage is called tray.
= Tray has different designs (bubble cap - valve - sieve)
Tray Downcomer
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Introduction
Ca Ta
Cul
= Plate column is composed of several equilibrium stages.
= Every Equilibrium Stage has its own VLE (vapour liquid equilibrium)
different
VLE in Equilibrium stages are related to previous equilibrium stage
VLE and affect the next one.
= Equilibrium Stage is called tray.
= Tray has different designs (bubble cap - valve - sieve)
Tray Downcomer
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
Basic Components of Tray Column
= Inlets:
V The feed inlets are located between the rectifying and stripping sections.
Y Distillation columns can have three or more feed lines.
= Dutlets:
V The overhead outlet is the vapor exit point from the distillation column to pass into the condenser.
Y” The bottoms outlet is used to remove residue from the distillation column and to feed the reboiler.
v The side stream outlet is used to remove side product in multicomponent distillation processes
= Feed Tray: The location of the feed tray is determined by the ratio of stages above and below the inlet feed
line
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Basic Components of Tray Column
= Inlets:
V The feed inlets are located between the rectifying and stripping sections.
Y Distillation columns can have three or more feed lines.
= Dutlets:
V The overhead outlet is the vapor exit point from the distillation column to pass into the condenser.
Y” The bottoms outlet is used to remove residue from the distillation column and to feed the reboiler.
v The side stream outlet is used to remove side product in multicomponent distillation processes
= Feed Tray: The location of the feed tray is determined by the ratio of stages above and below the inlet feed
line
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy de
Basic Components of Tray Column E I~ i.
" Rectifying Section: t — y | y
Y is located above the feed tray. Rs = an Baa
y” has a higher concentration of light components than the |
stripping section t
Stripping ection is
= Stripping Section | e
v is located below the feed tray. |
v has a higher concentration of light components than the oy
stripping section.
Y” Temperatures in the stripping section are usually much higher than in the rectifying section
Bottoms Product
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Basic Components of Tray Column E I~ i.
" Rectifying Section: t — y | y
Y is located above the feed tray. Rs = an Baa
y” has a higher concentration of light components than the |
stripping section t
Stripping ection is
= Stripping Section | e
v is located below the feed tray. |
v has a higher concentration of light components than the oy
stripping section.
Y” Temperatures in the stripping section are usually much higher than in the rectifying section
Bottoms Product
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
Basic Components of Tray Column
= Overhead System
v used to condense hot vapors into liquid.
v May be:
+ Total Condenser
+ Partial Condenser
= Bottom System
Y” help control overlap and heat balance
v May be:
+ Reboiler
© Steam Injection
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
Bottom System
engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Basic Components of Tray Column
= Overhead System
v used to condense hot vapors into liquid.
v May be:
+ Total Condenser
+ Partial Condenser
= Bottom System
Y” help control overlap and heat balance
v May be:
+ Reboiler
© Steam Injection
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
Bottom System
engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
There are three types of trays used in
distillation towers:
+ Bubble Cap Tray
+ Valve Tray
+ Sieve Tray
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
There are three types of trays used in
distillation towers:
+ Bubble Cap Tray
+ Valve Tray
+ Sieve Tray
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
Types of Trays
Low Vapour ‘Normal Vapour Hight Vapour sebetray
Bubble Cap Tray Valve Tray Sieve \ Perforated Tray
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Types of Trays
Low Vapour ‘Normal Vapour Hight Vapour sebetray
Bubble Cap Tray Valve Tray Sieve \ Perforated Tray
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
Types of Trays
a) Bubble Cap Tray
q Wer
L-
= Bubble-cap trays are used commonly in the distillation process.
= Aweir on the tray maintains a liquid level over the caps.
= This vapor comes into direct contact with the liquid on the tray
and transfers some heat energy.
= The liquid condenses the heavier components of the vapor,
whereas the lighter components move up the tower.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Types of Trays
a) Bubble Cap Tray
q Wer
L-
= Bubble-cap trays are used commonly in the distillation process.
= Aweir on the tray maintains a liquid level over the caps.
= This vapor comes into direct contact with the liquid on the tray
and transfers some heat energy.
= The liquid condenses the heavier components of the vapor,
whereas the lighter components move up the tower.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
Types of Trays
b) Valve Tray
= Valve trays have simple, movable plates.
= Plate movement depends on process flow.
= This type of tray is more efficient over a wider range of flow rates
than the sieve tray
‘Normal Vapour Hight Vapour
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Types of Trays
b) Valve Tray
= Valve trays have simple, movable plates.
= Plate movement depends on process flow.
= This type of tray is more efficient over a wider range of flow rates
than the sieve tray
‘Normal Vapour Hight Vapour
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
Types of Trays
c) Sieve tray
Sieve trays are the simplest type of tray.
A sieve tray is essentially a metal plate with small holes in it.
Vapor comes through the holes, it moves too fast to be stapped by
the liquid level on the tray, but it does slow down significantly as it
passes through the liquid.
The holes range from | inch to 1/8th inch in diameter.
Pressure drop through a large number of small holes is greater
than the drop through fewer large holes
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
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Types of Trays
c) Sieve tray
Sieve trays are the simplest type of tray.
A sieve tray is essentially a metal plate with small holes in it.
Vapor comes through the holes, it moves too fast to be stapped by
the liquid level on the tray, but it does slow down significantly as it
passes through the liquid.
The holes range from | inch to 1/8th inch in diameter.
Pressure drop through a large number of small holes is greater
than the drop through fewer large holes
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
Tray Classification according to Pass NO.
Tray Pass
= The more paths for liquid flow, the higher the liquid handling capacity
= Liquid flow paths change pressure balance, multiple flow paths can increase vapor capacity as well
= 1,2 4 paths common
= 3used occasionally
= 5+ not common
= The more passes, the larger the tower minimum diameter
= The active area should be a minimum width to allow for manways
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Tray Classification according to Pass NO.
Tray Pass
= The more paths for liquid flow, the higher the liquid handling capacity
= Liquid flow paths change pressure balance, multiple flow paths can increase vapor capacity as well
= 1,2 4 paths common
= 3used occasionally
= 5+ not common
= The more passes, the larger the tower minimum diameter
= The active area should be a minimum width to allow for manways
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
Tray Classification according to Pass NO.
Ea Eb En EX
TWO PASS THREE PASS FOUR PASS FIVE PASS
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Tray Classification according to Pass NO.
Ea Eb En EX
TWO PASS THREE PASS FOUR PASS FIVE PASS
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
Basic Components of Tray Column
= Weir:
The function of a weir is to maintain a desired liquid level on the tray
Types:
Y” Low weirs are frequently used in low pressure or vacuum columns.
Y” Notched (rectangular or V-shaped) weirs are commonly used for low liquid loads...
The higher the liquid level, the higher the tray pressure drop, the more liquid hold-up on the tray, which may be
undesirable if the liquid is toxic or hazardous.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Basic Components of Tray Column
= Weir:
The function of a weir is to maintain a desired liquid level on the tray
Types:
Y” Low weirs are frequently used in low pressure or vacuum columns.
Y” Notched (rectangular or V-shaped) weirs are commonly used for low liquid loads...
The higher the liquid level, the higher the tray pressure drop, the more liquid hold-up on the tray, which may be
undesirable if the liquid is toxic or hazardous.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy —
Basic Components of Tray Column
Sloped
downcomer À
= Downcomers:
The function of downcomer is to guide liquid flow from an upper tray to a lower tray.
Types:
Y” straight: is widely used as it provides good utilization of column area for downflow and has cost
and simplicity advantage
Y” Sloped: can be used if vapour-liquid disengagement is difficult (e.g. due to foaming) and also
provide a slightly larger active area for vapour-liquid contact, but is also more expensive
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Basic Components of Tray Column
Sloped
downcomer À
= Downcomers:
The function of downcomer is to guide liquid flow from an upper tray to a lower tray.
Types:
Y” straight: is widely used as it provides good utilization of column area for downflow and has cost
and simplicity advantage
Y” Sloped: can be used if vapour-liquid disengagement is difficult (e.g. due to foaming) and also
provide a slightly larger active area for vapour-liquid contact, but is also more expensive
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
Basic Components of Tray Column
= Downcomers:
> A downcomer must be sufficiently large to allow liquid to flow smoothly without choking.
> Sufficient time must also be provided to allow proper vapour disengagement from the down-flowing
liquid, so that the liquid is relatively free of vapour when it enters the tray below
> Inadequate downcomer area will lead to downcomer choking, whereby liquid backs up the downcomer
into the tray above and eventually flood the column.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Basic Components of Tray Column
= Downcomers:
> A downcomer must be sufficiently large to allow liquid to flow smoothly without choking.
> Sufficient time must also be provided to allow proper vapour disengagement from the down-flowing
liquid, so that the liquid is relatively free of vapour when it enters the tray below
> Inadequate downcomer area will lead to downcomer choking, whereby liquid backs up the downcomer
into the tray above and eventually flood the column.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Plate Column Anatomy
Basic Components of Tray Column
= Tray Manway:
> Tray manways allow maintenance workers and inspectors to travel from one tray to another.
> Manway size should be at least 16 x 20-inch.
> For multi-pass trays, one tray manway should be provided for each tray pass, as the central
downcomers restrict access from one side to the other.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Basic Components of Tray Column
= Tray Manway:
> Tray manways allow maintenance workers and inspectors to travel from one tray to another.
> Manway size should be at least 16 x 20-inch.
> For multi-pass trays, one tray manway should be provided for each tray pass, as the central
downcomers restrict access from one side to the other.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Comparison Sieve Valve Bubble Cap
Capacity Mid Highest Lowest
Pressure Drop Lower Mid Higher
Turndown Ratio Lowest [2.1] Higher [4 to 10.1] Mid
Entrainment Medium Medium Highest
Efficiency High High Lowest
Cost Cheapest 20 / 50% more than | 100/ 200% more
Sieve than Sieve
Tray vs, Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Capacity Mid Highest Lowest
Pressure Drop Lower Mid Higher
Turndown Ratio Lowest [2.1] Higher [4 to 10.1] Mid
Entrainment Medium Medium Highest
Efficiency High High Lowest
Cost Cheapest 20 / 50% more than | 100/ 200% more
Sieve than Sieve
Tray vs, Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
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Packed Column
Introduction
= Packed columns are more suitable for low capacity operations.
= Packed columns are particularly useful in the field of vacuum distillation.
= For separating heat sensitive materials packed columns are useful
because the liquid hold up* is low.
= When corrosion is a problem packing may be the only answer.
= Pressure drop per unit length is less in packed column.
= Total weight of packed column is less due to use of low weight and high
capacity packing.
* Liquid holdup HL, is defined as the fraction of an element of pipe which is occupied by liquid
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Introduction
= Packed columns are more suitable for low capacity operations.
= Packed columns are particularly useful in the field of vacuum distillation.
= For separating heat sensitive materials packed columns are useful
because the liquid hold up* is low.
= When corrosion is a problem packing may be the only answer.
= Pressure drop per unit length is less in packed column.
= Total weight of packed column is less due to use of low weight and high
capacity packing.
* Liquid holdup HL, is defined as the fraction of an element of pipe which is occupied by liquid
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Introduction and Represen
ation
> Packed beds can be used in a chemical reactor, a distillation
process, or a scrubber, bu
store heat in chemical plants.
packed beds have also been used to
> The purpose of a packed bed is typically to improve contact
between two phases in a c
> The gas liquid contact in a
hemical or similar process.
packed bed column is continuous, not
stage-wise, as in a plate column.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applic
ations
Packing Material
T
Packing
Height (Z)
L
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Introduction and Represen
ation
> Packed beds can be used in a chemical reactor, a distillation
process, or a scrubber, bu
store heat in chemical plants.
packed beds have also been used to
> The purpose of a packed bed is typically to improve contact
between two phases in a c
> The gas liquid contact in a
hemical or similar process.
packed bed column is continuous, not
stage-wise, as in a plate column.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applic
ations
Packing Material
T
Packing
Height (Z)
L
engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Packed Column Principle
v Packed towers use specially designed packing materials to
provide more surface area for maximum contact between gases
and liquids.
¥ Liquids wet the surface of the packing as they migrate down the
tower.
v Rising vapors come into contact with the wetted surface and
exchange heat.
The performance of a packed column is very dependent on the maintenance of 1
Vapour (Up-Flow)
good liquid and gas distribution throughout the packed bed. >
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packed Column Principle
v Packed towers use specially designed packing materials to
provide more surface area for maximum contact between gases
and liquids.
¥ Liquids wet the surface of the packing as they migrate down the
tower.
v Rising vapors come into contact with the wetted surface and
exchange heat.
The performance of a packed column is very dependent on the maintenance of 1
Vapour (Up-Flow)
good liquid and gas distribution throughout the packed bed. >
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Liquid travels down through feed distributors, hold-down grids,
random and structured packing, support plates, redistributors, liquid
collectors, structured grids, and finally into the bottom section.
Hot vapors move countercurrent to the downward flow of liquid.
Types of packed distillation columns:
= Random Packing
" Structured Packing
= Stacked Packing
U, Boro uno
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Liquid travels down through feed distributors, hold-down grids,
random and structured packing, support plates, redistributors, liquid
collectors, structured grids, and finally into the bottom section.
Hot vapors move countercurrent to the downward flow of liquid.
Types of packed distillation columns:
= Random Packing
" Structured Packing
= Stacked Packing
U, Boro uno
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Packed Column Accessory
a) Shell
= The cylindrical shell of the distillation column is typically metal, carbon
steel, stainless steel, special alloy or nonferrous. .
= Columns can also be composed of glass, ceramic, plastic, or wood.
= The type of chemicals that will be used in the distillation column will
determine the design material, lining specification, wall thickness,
pressure rating, and temperature rating.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
eboder Return
Han
6
Packed Column Accessory
a) Shell
= The cylindrical shell of the distillation column is typically metal, carbon
steel, stainless steel, special alloy or nonferrous. .
= Columns can also be composed of glass, ceramic, plastic, or wood.
= The type of chemicals that will be used in the distillation column will
determine the design material, lining specification, wall thickness,
pressure rating, and temperature rating.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
eboder Return
Han
6
Packing Tower Anatomy
Packed Column Accessory
b) 1) Random Packing
= Random packing includes discrete pieces of packing that are
randomly dumped or poured into a packed column.
Use:
= It provides a surface for good vapor-liquid contact, distillation
efficiency characteristics, and predictable pressure drop.
J =
oe, SS
Random Packing
¿Liquid
Redistributor
Hold Down Grid
Support Grid
‘ChimneyiCollector
Tray
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
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Packed Column Accessory
b) 1) Random Packing
= Random packing includes discrete pieces of packing that are
randomly dumped or poured into a packed column.
Use:
= It provides a surface for good vapor-liquid contact, distillation
efficiency characteristics, and predictable pressure drop.
J =
oe, SS
Random Packing
¿Liquid
Redistributor
Hold Down Grid
Support Grid
‘ChimneyiCollector
Tray
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Random Packing
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Random Packing
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Packed Column Accessory
b) 2) Structured packing
= Structured packing has specific geometric shapes, like a mesh.
Use:
= It works best in columns requiring high liquid loadings.
Req Random Packing
Liquid
Redistributor
— Hold Down Grid
Support Grid
L- Chimney/Collector
Tray
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
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Packed Column Accessory
b) 2) Structured packing
= Structured packing has specific geometric shapes, like a mesh.
Use:
= It works best in columns requiring high liquid loadings.
Req Random Packing
Liquid
Redistributor
— Hold Down Grid
Support Grid
L- Chimney/Collector
Tray
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Structured Packing
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Structured Packing
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Packed Column Accessory
b) 8) Stacked Packing
= Stacked packing is uniformly arranged inside a distillation column.
Use:
= Packed columns are designed for pressure drops between 0.20
and 0.60 inch of water per foot of packing medium
Random Packing
Liquid
Redistributor
Hold Down Grid
Support Grid
L- Chimney/Collector
Tray
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
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Packed Column Accessory
b) 8) Stacked Packing
= Stacked packing is uniformly arranged inside a distillation column.
Use:
= Packed columns are designed for pressure drops between 0.20
and 0.60 inch of water per foot of packing medium
Random Packing
Liquid
Redistributor
Hold Down Grid
Support Grid
L- Chimney/Collector
Tray
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
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Packing Tower Anatomy
Packing Material
Sulzer Packing Rasching Ring
Ceramic & Metal
QR dia
ans sû 45 oe
Metal Pall Ring Intalox Saddle Metal Intalox Berl Saddle
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Material
Sulzer Packing Rasching Ring
Ceramic & Metal
QR dia
ans sû 45 oe
Metal Pall Ring Intalox Saddle Metal Intalox Berl Saddle
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Packed Column Accessory
c) Packing Support
= The packing inside a distillation column is supported by packing supports.
= [tis designed to provide sufficient air-liquid passage and to prevent the packing
from migrating into the lower sections of the column.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packed Column Accessory
c) Packing Support
= The packing inside a distillation column is supported by packing supports.
= [tis designed to provide sufficient air-liquid passage and to prevent the packing
from migrating into the lower sections of the column.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Bed Limiter Hold-Down Plate
Packing Tower Anatomy
Packed Column Accessory
d) Bed Limiters and Hold-Down Plates
= They are designed to keep fixed bed packing from migrating or fluidizing out of the
section.
= Hold-down plates rest on top of the packing, whereas bed limiters are attached to
the inside wall of the column.
= Hold-down plates are primarily used on carbon and ceramic packing.
= Bed limiters are used on metal or plastic packing
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Packed Column Accessory
d) Bed Limiters and Hold-Down Plates
= They are designed to keep fixed bed packing from migrating or fluidizing out of the
section.
= Hold-down plates rest on top of the packing, whereas bed limiters are attached to
the inside wall of the column.
= Hold-down plates are primarily used on carbon and ceramic packing.
= Bed limiters are used on metal or plastic packing
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Packed Column Accessory
M— Ref
e) Liquid Distribution and Redistribution “ve
= [t's so important device where it is used to disperse fluid evenly over the top
of the packing to enhance distribution of liquid through packing.
Ladder Pipe
Distributor
= Poor liquid distribution reduces vapor-liquid contact and promotes channeling
which reduces the operation efficiency of the column.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packed Column Accessory
M— Ref
e) Liquid Distribution and Redistribution “ve
= [t's so important device where it is used to disperse fluid evenly over the top
of the packing to enhance distribution of liquid through packing.
Ladder Pipe
Distributor
= Poor liquid distribution reduces vapor-liquid contact and promotes channeling
which reduces the operation efficiency of the column.
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Liquid Distributer
Orifice Type Spray Nozzle Trough Type
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Liquid Distributer
Orifice Type Spray Nozzle Trough Type
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Packing Tower Anatomy
Liquid Distributer
[
CASS.
Pipe Ladder Channel Distributor
Qe
Ring Distributor
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Liquid Distributer
[
CASS.
Pipe Ladder Channel Distributor
Qe
Ring Distributor
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Comparison Tray Column Packed Column
Capacity Higher Lower
Diameter Larger Smaller
Cost Less Expensive More Expensive
Maintenance Easier More Difficult
Vapour Liquid Contact Less More
Side Stream Available Not Available
Corrosive Materials Not Recommended Appropriate
Side Stream
Wide range
Not recommended for low rate
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
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Capacity Higher Lower
Diameter Larger Smaller
Cost Less Expensive More Expensive
Maintenance Easier More Difficult
Vapour Liquid Contact Less More
Side Stream Available Not Available
Corrosive Materials Not Recommended Appropriate
Side Stream
Wide range
Not recommended for low rate
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications
engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Comparison Tray Column Packed Column
Pressure Drop Higher Lower
Max Temperature Higher Lower
Toxic And Not safe Appropriate
Flammable Liquids
Fouling Liquids Appropriate Not recommended
Foaming Systems Not Recommended Appropriate
Tray vs, Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Pressure Drop Higher Lower
Max Temperature Higher Lower
Toxic And Not safe Appropriate
Flammable Liquids
Fouling Liquids Appropriate Not recommended
Foaming Systems Not Recommended Appropriate
Tray vs, Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
References
= Process Technology Equipment and Systems, Charles E. Thomas 4" edition
= AICHE Resources, aiche.org
= NPTEL Website
= Chemical Engineering World Website
= Separation Processes Website
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
= Process Technology Equipment and Systems, Charles E. Thomas 4" edition
= AICHE Resources, aiche.org
= NPTEL Website
= Chemical Engineering World Website
= Separation Processes Website
Tray vs. Packed Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Author Contacts
Abdelrahman Kamal
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Refining
Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University
Email: eng.abdelrahman.kamal2a@ gmail.com
Abdelrahman.KMHu@ pme.suezuni.edu.eq
Mob: 0115908072
LinkedIn: AbdelRahman Kamal
https://www.linkedin.com/in/abdelrahman-kamal994
Tray vs:Pécked Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
Abdelrahman Kamal
Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Refining
Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University
Email: eng.abdelrahman.kamal2a@ gmail.com
Abdelrahman.KMHu@ pme.suezuni.edu.eq
Mob: 0115908072
LinkedIn: AbdelRahman Kamal
https://www.linkedin.com/in/abdelrahman-kamal994
Tray vs:Pécked Column for Chemical Engineering Applications engabdelrahman kamal25ägmail.com
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