Treatment and disposal of Hazardous wastes

Sanitary Landfill and Hazardous waste management

1. Prof. M.R.Ezhilkumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology
Coimbatore
[email protected]
IonlyfeelangrywhenIseewaste.
WhenIseepeoplethrowingaway
thingswecoulduse.–Mother
Teresa
1
17CE413
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS
WASTE MANAGEMENT
3.10 –Treatment and disposal of
Hazardous wastes

2. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 2
Learning Outcomes
☼Principles of treatment
☼Treatment and disposal options
☼select technology -on-site or off-site -to suit waste type and
circumstances
3.10 –Treatment and disposal of Hazardous wastes

3. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 3
Video Session

4. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 4
Hazardous Waste
Hierarchy of preferred waste management options

5. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 5
Hazardous Waste
Waste avoidance and minimisation
Topofthewastehierarchy
Reducespressureontreatmentanddisposalfacilities
Reducescosts
Savesresources

6. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 6
Hazardous Waste
Re-use and recycling options
Re-useandrecycling:
divertwastesfromdisposal
reduceresourceconsumption
reducecosts
reduceenvironmentalimpactsfromrawmaterialacquisition
Re-use-notreatmentexceptforanynecessarycleaning
Recycling-materialsmayfirstrequirecleaningorseparation

7. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 7
Hazardous Waste
Principles of treatment
Volumereduction
Reducethevolumeofwastewithhazardouscomponentsbyconcentration
Destruction
Converthazardoustonon-hazardoussubstances
Containment
Isolatehazardousmaterials

8. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 8
Hazardous Waste
Treatment options 1
Physical
Chemical
Physicalandchemical
Biological
Alltreatmentsareaimedatmodifyingphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofthe
hazardouscomponent
Mosttreatmentsleaveresiduesfordisposal

9. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 9
Hazardous Waste
Treatment options 2
Thermal
Stabilisationandsolidification
Combinedtreatmentmethods
Alltreatmentsareaimedatmodifyingphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofthe
hazardouscomponent
Mosttreatmentsleaveresiduesfordisposal

10. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 10
Hazardous Waste
Disposal options
Landfillandlanddisposalmayinclude:
Co-disposal
Disposalinengineeredhazardouswastesitesorcellswithinsites
Otheroptions:
Soilbiodegradation
Undergroundinjection
Deepmines
Unlikely to be suitable for
developing economies

11. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 11
Hazardous Waste
Technology selection
Aton-sitelevel,todealwithaparticularwastestream
Atnationallevel,todecidewhatoff-sitefacilitiesareneededtodealwith
residuesfromindividualpremises
Alwaysneedtoknowquantitiesandtypesofwaste
Therewillalwaysbeaneedforlandfill

12. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 12
Hazardous Waste
Technology criteria for on-site treatment of wastes
Canitdealwithamountandtypeofwaste?
Willitenablecompliancewithregulations?
Whatarethelikelycosts?Whataretheimplicationsforoperation?
Arethereanyworkplace,environmentalorsocialconcerns?
Whatresidueswillbegeneratedthathavetoberemovedoff-site?

13. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 13
Hazardous Waste
Selection criteria for delivering national strategy
Thenatureandquantityofwaste
Thedesiredcharacteristicsofoutputsfromtreatment
Theroleofacentralisedlandfillforstabilisedwastesfromindividualgenerators
Thetechnicaladequacyoftreatmentalternatives
Economicandfinancialconsiderations
Workplace,environmentalandsocialconsiderations

14. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 14
Hazardous Waste
Selection criteria for particular waste stream
Canitdealwithamountandtypeofwaste?
Willitenablecompliancewithregulations?
Whatarethelikelycostsandpossiblerevenues?
Arethereanyenvironmentalorsocialconcerns?

15. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 15
Hazardous Waste
Physical treatment
Manualseparation-removesselectedwastesbyvisualinspection
Sievingandscreening-removescoarsematerial
Sedimentation-settlessolidstoseparateliquid
Decanting-removeswatercontent
Centrifuging-removeswatercontent
Filtration
Solventextraction

16. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 16
Hazardous Waste
Physical treatment
Adsorption
Soilwashing-extractssolublecontaminants
Sludgedrying
Autoclaving-steriliseswastebyheat&pressure
Microwaveirradiation-sterilisation

17. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 17
Hazardous Waste
Physical treatment -example of application

18. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 18
Hazardous Waste
Chemical treatment
Chemicalreductionandoxidation-usesoxidisingandreducingagentsto
transformconstituents
Neutralisation-adjustspHtoneutral
Precipitation-separateshazardousconstituentsfromsolution
Dechlorination-removeschlorinefromorganicmaterials
Hydrolysis-breaksdownconstituentsbyaddingwater
Electrolysis-breaksdownchemicalcompoundswithelectricalcharge

19. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 19
Hazardous Waste
Chemical treatment -example of application

20. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 20
Hazardous Waste
Physico-chemical treatment -example of application
PrecipitationFlocculationSedimentation

21. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 21
Hazardous Waste
Biological treatment
Biodegradationoforganicintosimpleinorganicspecieswithsuitablemicrobes
Activatedsludgetreatment-biodegradesorganicspecieswithbio-active
sludgeinaqueousphase
Rotatingbiologicalcontactor-breaksdownaqueousorganicspeciesincontact
withbacterialrichfilter
Aeratedlagoonsandstabilisationponds-breakdownorganicwastesin
shallowpoolswithoxygen

22. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 22
Hazardous Waste
Biological treatment
Biodegradationoforganicintosimpleinorganicspecieswithsuitablemicrobes
Anaerobicdigestion-degradesorganicwasteinabsenceofoxygen
Landapplication-biodegradesorganicmatterthroughactionwithsoil
microbes

23. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 23
Hazardous Waste
Biological treatment -example of application

24. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 24
Hazardous Waste
Stabilisation and Solidification
Convertswasteintoinsolublerock-likematerials
Stabilisation-treatswastetominimisemigration
Solidification-usescement-basedprocess
Encapsulation-encloseswastewithincasingorlayerofinertsubstance
Recommendedforinorganichazardouswastes
Apretreatmentsteppriortolandfilldisposal

25. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 25
Hazardous Waste
Stabilisation and solidification -example of application

26. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 26
Hazardous Waste
Thermal treatment of waste:
Incineration:allowsenergyrecovery,materialsrecycling
Pyrolysis
Gasification:allowrecoveryofusefulmaterials

27. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 27
Hazardous Waste
Co-combustion in cement kilns
Existinglimeorcementkilnscanbeadaptedtoburnhazardouswastes
Suitableforinterimandlongtermuse
Avoidsneedfornewfacility
Savesonfuelcostsincementmaking

28. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 28
Hazardous Waste
Thermal treatment -example of application

29. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 29
Hazardous Waste
Simple options 1
Solarevaporationpondscanbeusedforsludgedewateringordrying
Verysmallquantitiesofdifficultwastescanbeencapsulatedincement,priorto
landfill
Existingindustrialboilerscanbeadaptedtoburnwastes

30. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 30
Hazardous Waste
Simple options 2
Notsuitableforlongtermorwidespreaduse:
Evaporationpitscanbeusedforverysmallquantitiesofsolvents,where
recoveryorincinerationisnotpracticable
Engineeredopen-pitincineratorscanbeusedtoburnsmallquantitiesof
hazardouswastesinisolatedareas
Oilysludgescanbestabilisedbymixingwithsandorsimilarmaterial,and
weathering

31. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 31
Hazardous Waste
Outdated technologies?
SeveraltechnologieswereusedinWesterncountriesinthepastbuthavenow
beendiscontinuedorseverelylimited.Theseinclude:
->Longtermstorage ->Oceandumping
->Oceanincinerationbyspecialvessels ->Deepwellinjection
->Disposalinsaltmines ->Solventevaporation
->Landdepositoftoxicorganicwastes
->Co-disposalofnon-stabilisedhazardouswastes

32. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 32
Hazardous Waste
Treatment & disposal methods for certain waste types

33. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 33
Hazardous Waste
Technology assessment
Howtoevaluateoverallaspectsoftechnologychoice?
EnvironmentalTechnologyAssessment(EnTA)canexaminethebroader
implicationsofatechnologyoption.ProcessissimilartoLCAbutappliedto
technologiesratherthanproducts
EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentevaluatesthelocationandsocietal
implicationofatechnologyordevelopmentproject
RiskAssessmentexaminesthehazardsandriskreductionmeasuresfroma
technologyorprocess

34. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 34
Hazardous Waste
Key considerations
Wastereductionandavoidancebygeneratorsshouldalwaysbeapriority
Roleofon-sitevsoff-sitetechnologies
Needtoconsiderresiduesfromtreatmentprocessesandtheirdisposal
Transitionaltechnologiesmaybeuseduntilfinalhigh-qualityinstallationsare
available

35. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 35
Hazardous Waste
Key questions when choosing technologies
Whocanundertaketechnologyassessment?
Whichwastesarenotacceptable?
Transport-howarethewastesreceived?
Howtomonitorthewastesreceived?
Whowilldesigntheplant?Traintheoperators?
Whatfeaturesaddressspecificnationalaspects?

36. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 36
Hazardous Waste
Key questions when choosing technologies
Howsimple/sophisticatedisplantoperation?
Howisplantperformancemonitored?
Whatotherenvironmentalimpactsarepossible?
Whatworkplacehazardsarelikely?
Whatisthepermittingprocedure?IsanEIAneeded?

37. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 37
Hazardous Waste
Most Effective Hazardous Waste Disposal Methods
Managinghazardouswasteisnotaneasyjob.
Fromchemicalplantstooilindustriesandnuclearreactorsplusmanyother
similarinfrastructurestendtodisposeofalotofwastethatcanbedamagingto
bothlivingthingsandtheenvironments.
So,itisessentialtolearnthedifferenteffectivemethodsfordisposal.
Herewearegoingtoexplainsevenofthebestandmostusefulwastedisposal
methodsforhazardousmaterials.

38. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 38
Hazardous Waste
Most Effective Hazardous Waste Disposal Methods
Understandingmoreaboutthemwillhelpyoucomprehendhowcomplicated
theseprocessescanbe.Heretheyare;
Preventing&Reducingwaste
Recycling
Incineration&Combustion
Composting
LandfillDisposal
WaterDisposal
InjectionWells

39. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 39
Hazardous Waste
Preventing & Reducing waste
Whilemostpeoplemaythinkitisanobviouswastemanagementoption,itis
stillthemosteffective.
However,itonlyworksforwastethathasn’tbeencreatedorprocessedyet.
Soincaseyouhaveanywastewaitingtobedisposedof,thismethodwon’t
work.
Thismethodismostlyaboutstartingtousemoreecologicaloratleastmore
efficientstrategiestoproducewithoutcreatingtoxicwaste.

40. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 40
Hazardous Waste
Preventing & Reducing waste
Mostofthetimethisendsupasahugechallengeformostcompaniesand
industries,butit’salwaysthefirstandmosteffectivechoiceasittackleswaste
fromtheroot.

41. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 41
Hazardous Waste
Recycling
Manypeople,companies,andindustriesaroundtheworldareusingthe
recyclingmethodmoreandmorewithtime.
Thisworksasawaytousewasteasenergyorinsteadmakenewproducts
fromit.
Withmaterialslikeplastic,glass,paper,andsomemetalsthisisavery
commonandpracticalchoice.
Ifthere’saveryecologicaloptionforgettingridofwastedisposal,itis
recycling.

42. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 42
Hazardous Waste
Recycling
Itproducesalmostnoproblemeventuallyandinsteadhelpstoreduceoverall
wasteforyears.
Withtherightrecyclingstrategy,entireindustriescangetridofwastedisposal
almostentirely.
Sadly,thistendstobehighlyexpensiveduetotheproblematictechnological
processesandamassiveamountofworkforce.

43. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 43
Hazardous Waste
Incineration & Combustion
Thisisanotherofthemosteffectivewaystousewastedisposalpositively.
Notonlyitcanbeusedforenergycreationbyincineratingwaste,butitalso
worksasawaytogetridofthewasteusinglittleresourcesintheprocess.
Togetridofwastethisway,mostcompaniesuseincinerators,furnaces,
boilers,andindustrialcombustionchambersorovens.
Thiswaythedisposaleventuallybecomesheatingenergy,powerforturbines
andmachines,andevenfireforcookingandmuchmore.

44. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 44
Hazardous Waste
Incineration & Combustion
Theproblemwithincinerationandcombustionprocessesforwastedisposal
canbeharmfultotheenvironmentaswell.
Thingslikegassestootherharmfulby-productscanresultfromthecombustion
processofthehazardousmaterial.
Thismakesincinerationcapableofpollutingandincreasingthedangerofthe
waste.
Andontopofthat,thisprocessdemandsexcellentvigilanceanddiligence.
Thepeoplewhomanagethemneedtobecarefulnottogetcontaminatedor
induceaccidentthatcouldbeharmfulintheworkingenvironment.

45. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 45
Hazardous Waste
Composting
Organicwasteshaveanadditionalmethodfordisposal,decomposition.
Byusingthemethodofcomposting,microbesandbacteriathatgrow
eventuallyproducenutrient-richdirtandcompostthatmanypeopleusefor
plantnourishing.
Thisprocesstendstobereallyslowbutdemandsnoeffortatall.
Thefoodindustrytendstobeoneofthemostactiveinthistypeofdisposal
method.
Itworksasawayofrecyclingaswell.

46. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 46
Hazardous Waste
Composting
Thisreprocessingoforganicwastehelpstoimprovethefertilityofthesoillike
nootherproduct.
Theonlyproblemwiththispracticeisthatitneedsalotoflandstowork
correctly.
Apartfromthat,someoftheleft-overorfinalproductmaynotbeusableatall,
especiallywhenthere’stoomuch.
Soitsometimesendsupasmorewaste.

47. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 47
Hazardous Waste
Landfill Disposal
Thishappenswhenthewasteisdisposedofonlargelandfills.
Manygovernmentsandorganizationsaroundtheworldprohibittheuseof
landfilldisposaltopreventenvironmentaldamage,butinmanycountriesthisis
stillthemostcommontypeofhazardouswastedisposalmethod.
Thisstrategyfocusesoncreatingaprotectiveliningonthegroundandthen
pourallthewasteoverit.
Thewastewon’teventuallyreachlowerlevelsofsoilorpossiblegroundwater.

48. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 48
Hazardous Waste
Landfill Disposal
Also,itpreventsthepropagationandseparationoftoxicchemicalsallaround
thehabitatwherethewasteisdisposedof.
Whilethewholepurposeistokeepthewasteaseffectivelycontrolledas
possible,sometimesitisimpossibletopreventleakageofthetoxicmaterials.
That’swhyitispertinentonlytodisposeofwastethiswaywhenthere’slittleor
nogroundwateratall.
Thiswayitcanhelptopreventfloodingandthespreadingoftoxicity.

49. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 49
Hazardous Waste
Landfill Disposal
Apartfrombeinghardtoprepareandcreatealandfillthatdoesn’tleaktoxic
material,itisalsohardtomaintainit.
Itrequiresalotoflabortobepossible,whicheventuallymakesitalittle
expensiveandlong-lasting.

50. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 50
Hazardous Waste
Water Disposal
Manytypesoforganizationsandindustriesaroundtheworldtendtodisposeof
theirtoxicwasteinoceans,deepseaandsometimesevenlakes.
Thedumpingofhazardouswasteinwaterwaysisusuallyoneofthemost
damagingtotheenvironment,especiallyforlifeunderwater.
Thispracticeisactuallyunderseveresanctionsinmanycountriesaroundthe
world.
Thetoxicityofsomeofthewastecanbedestructiveforentirehabitatsand
species,includinghumans.

51. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 51
Hazardous Waste
Water Disposal
Itmostlyhappenswithnuclear&radioactivewasteduetothedifficultyof
findingothersafeorlegaldisposablemethods.
Andofcourse,itdoesn’trequiremuchworkbutstillmakesitdifficultasit
demandstransportationandseverecareofthewastebeforedisposingof.

52. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 52
Hazardous Waste
Injection Wells
Itconsistsofdumpingtheliquiddeepinthegroundclosetoporousrock
formationsforeffective&completedisposal.
Thewastewilleventuallydryoutorgetevendeeperintotheground.
Itisimportantonlytodoitwherethere’snoundergroundwateroranyprecious
rockformation.
Thistypeofdisposalmethodisnotusefulforanythingthat’seitherorganicor
solidthough.
Thismethodisonlyusedonlyforliquidwaste,especiallywaterwithchemicals,
wastewater,andbrine.

53. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 53
Hazardous Waste
Injection Wells
Theinjectionwellschangeinmanywaysdependingonthetypeofmaterial
that’sgoingtobedisposedof.
Mostofthemareprettysimpleandneedlittleworktobepossible,includingthe
onesforwastewater,mineralminingfluidwaste,andevenradioactiveliquid
excessfromindustries.
Butthemostcomplexonesmayevencomewithfilteringsystemsandother
complicatedprocessestoonlydisposeofthewastewhenitisaslittletoxicas
possible.

54. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 54
Hazardous Waste
Getting Rid of Waste is Not an Easy Job!
Knowingallthedifferentprocessesfordisposingoftoxicwasteofallkindswill
helpyouunderstandhowdifficultitisforvariousindustriestopracticesafe&
legaloperations.
Luckily,mostcompaniesaroundtheworld,nomattertheirindustry,needto
followtheseprocessestothelettertopreventanycontamination.
Aslongasthetoxicwasteiscorrectlydisposedof,thereshouldn’tbea
problemwitheithertheenvironmentortheoperators.
Still,thisissomethingthatmostlytakestimeandeffort,especiallywiththe
mosteffectivechoices.Sointheend,thisisnotaneasyjobatall.

55. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 55
Assessment Time
Review
Question
Reportahazardouswastetreatmentanddisposalmethods
adoptedinhospitalandelectroplatingindustry.

56. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 56