Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

this presentation involve the treatment of COPD.

1. COPD Treatment Covered by Arwa

2. COPD Treatment Treatment of COPD aims to: Prevent exacerbations. Improve lung and physical function through drug and O 2 therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, enhancement of nutrition, vaccination and pulmonary rehabilitation. Surgical treatment of COPD is indicated for selected patients.

3. COPD Treatment Drug therapy: Recommended drug therapy is summarized here. stage Recommended Treatment All Avoidance of risk factors ( eg , smoking). Influenza vaccine annually. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Treatment of complications. Mild COPD Short-acting bronchodilator when needed. Moderate COPD Regular treatment with one or more bronchodilator. Rehabilitation. Severe COPD Regular treatment with one or more bronchodilator. Inhaled corticosteroids for patients with repeated exacerbation or persistent symptoms despite bronchodilator therapy. Rehabilitation. Very Severe COPD Regular treatment with one or more bronchodilator. Inhaled corticosteroids if symptoms persist despite bronchodilator therapy. Rehabilitation. Long term O 2 therapy if chronic respiratory failure. Surgical treatments considered.

4. COPD Treatment Inhaled bronchodilators: Are mainstay of COPD management; drugs include β-agonists (relax bronchial smooth muscle and increase mucociliary clearance). Anticholinergic ( relax bronchial smooth muscle through competitive inhibition of muscarinic receptors (M1 , M2, and M3).

5. COPD Treatment Corticosteroids: Inhaled corticosteroids seem to reduce airway inflammation and inhibit leukotriene and cytokine production . Theophylline: decreases smooth muscle spasm, enhances mucociliary clearance , improves right ventricular function, and decreases pulmonary vascular resistance and arterial pressure .

6. COPD Treatment Oxygen therapy: for more than 15 hours per day for COPD patients in chronic hypoxic respiratory failure can increase survival. The goal of oxygen therapy should be an oxygen saturation of 88% to 90 %. Surgery: Surgical options for treatment of severe COPD include lung volume reduction and transplantation.

7. COPD Treatment Smoking cessation: it slows but does not halt the rate of FEV1 decline. Vaccinations : All patients with COPD should be given annual influenza vaccinations . Pulmonary rehabilitation: Pulmonary rehabilitation programs serve as adjuncts to drug treatment to improve physical function. includes exercise, education, and behavioral interventions .

8. Reference The Merck Manual nineteenth edition Page (1894-1899).