tree improvement in forestry plus tree and elite tree

tree improvement is techniques to get tree quality as per objective.

1. TREE IMPROVEMENT IN FORESTRY Payal Sharma Parag Jain Piyush Shukla Omkarnath Mishra

2. WHAT IS TREE IMPROVEMENT? Tree improvement refers to the genetic enhancement of tree species for better yield, quality, and resilience. Importance: Enhances productivity, improves resistance to pests and diseases, and adapts trees to changing climatic conditions.

3. WHY TREE IMPROVEMENT Increased growth and yield Economic benefits: more fuelwood and fodder Environmental benefits Climate change mitigation Better wood quality Biodiversity improvement Disease and pest resistance Through silviculture we unable to control or further improve.

4. TREE IMPROVEMENT METHODS Silviculture Genetics -Exotic -Selection -Hybridization

5. SILVICULTURE METHOD

6. Genetics : Exotic Exotic species which grown outside the limits of its Natural range . Advantages - 1. Provides Much wider choice of species 2. Absence of pest & disease 3. R&D of & Country Can be shared to others 4. Some may done well in exotic Land than Natural habitat. Ex: Eucalyptus, Poplar, Salix, Casuarinas etc.

7. Limitation 1.Become Susceptible to new insect-pest. ex. Pink disease- Eucalyptus 2.Takes long time so don't fulfill immediate needs 3.Ecologially →less value than indigenous 4.Problem of seed production - less viable seed

8. Selection Method

9. SELECTION CRITERIA Selection criteria comprises of the character. Growth parameter Volume Stem straightness Branching pattern Wood density Drought resistance Resistance to specific pest etc.

10. Candidate Tree Plus Tree Elite Tree Phenotypically + Genotypically Sound Phenotypically Sound Provincial Trail Progeny Trail Comparison Baseline

11. 1-PLUS TREE SELECTION The selection process involves two considerations Preliminary reporting of the outstanding tree called candidate tree Final appraisal and approval as plus tree

12. There are basically three method applied for the selection of a plus tree Comparison tree selection Baseline selection Regression method

13. 1. COMPARISON TREE METHOD OF SELECTION Suitable for even aged natural stands First selection of candidate tree – screened for traits in relation to few surrounding trees Comparison tree should be selected from dominant or co-dominant crown with similar age and site conditions, approximately within 100m range from the candidate tree Superiority of the candidate tree over the average of the comparison tree is worked out for each trait Candidate tree is designated as plus tree if it proves superior to the comparison trees; otherwise rejected

14. A candidate tree is compared with its nearest neighbours in a stand

15. 2-BASE LINE METHOD It is the selection made simultaneously for all the characters but rejecting all individuals that fail to meet the minimum selection standard for any one trait Method based the fixation of minimum acceptable standard level for each trait. Individual are located and their values for traits of interest are compared with the MSS, below which individual are eliminated regardless of their acceptability in other characteristic This method is useful in uneven aged stands when the comparison tree adjacent to the candidate trees is not available The candidate tree in this case is not compared with the surrounding tree

16. 3-THE REGRESSION SELECTION SYSTEM The most useful method of tree grading for the uneven –aged or mixed species type stands A regression selection system is built by sampling a number of tree for a desired characteristics, such as volume growth on a given site, and then plotting them against age No need for comparison tree in this method suitable for all aged or mixed species

17. Regression is used as follow- A candidate tree is chosen, based on the judgement of the breeder and measured for the characteristics desired, such as height or volume. The trait is plotted on the regression graph using the proper age and site. If the candidate tree falls at some defined distance above the regression line, it is acceptable and the higher above, the more desirable it become. When the value of the characteristic falls below the acceptable level, the tree is rejected

18. Candidate Tree Plus Tree Elite Tree Phenotypically + Genotypically Sound Phenotypically Sound Provincial Trail Progeny Trail Comparison Baseline

19. 2-PROVENANCE TESTING Provenances are the original geographical area from which seeds or other propagules was obtained. To find out the background of plus tree. Seed are collected from a number of widely scattered stand and the seedling are grown under similar condition to select a seed source for better growth and adaptability.

20. 1-RANGE WIDE PROVENANCE PHASE - This phase is the testing phase for all the geographical variation available within the species. 10-30 provenance are selected and tried during this phase The trial is laid out on small plot size   2-RESTRICTED PROVENANCE PHASE On the basis of the RWPP 3-5 provenance are selected that are found suitable for the site under test 3-PROVENANCE –PROVIDING PHASE To confirm the result of restricted provenance phase, this trial is laid out under normal plantation condition

21. ROLE OF PROVENANCE TESTS IN TREE BREEDING AND IMPROVEMENT Plus tree selected without provenance testing may not be superior Assure breeder that he has the best genotype To screen the naturally available genetic variation and choose the best available type for further breeding work

22. PROGENY TESTING ROLE OF PROVENANCE TESTS IN TREE BREEDING AND IMPROVEMENT Plus tree selected without provenance testing may not be superior Assure breeder that he has the best genotype To screen the naturally available genetic variation and choose the best available type for further breeding work

23. After Finding Elite Tree

24. SEED ORCHARD A seed orchard is a plantation of genetically superior tree, isolated to reduced pollination from genetically inferior outside source, and intensively managed to produce frequent abundant, easily harvested seed crops. KIND OF SEED ORCHARD -Clonal Seed Orchard -Seedling –Seed Orchards

25. 1-CLONAL SEED ORCHARD A clonal seed orchard is a plantation established specifically for the production of genetically improved seeds. It comprises clones of selected superior trees, known as plus trees, which have been identified and propagated through vegetative methods such as grafting, rooting of cuttings, or tissue culture. The main goal of a clonal seed orchard is to produce high-quality seeds with desirable genetic traits to enhance forestry productivity and sustainability.

26. 2-SEEDLING –SEED ORCHARD A seedling seed orchard is a type of plantation established from seeds rather than vegetative propagation, specifically designed to produce genetically improved seeds for reforestation and commercial forestry. Unlike clonal seed orchards, which use clones of selected plus trees, seedling seed orchards use seeds from selected trees, often after controlled breeding or open-pollination among superior individuals.

27. 3- HYBRIDIZATION Hybridization as a broad term refers to natural or man-made crosses of individuals of unlike genetic constitution. OBJECTIVES OF HYBRIDIZATION- A tree species valuable for its timber characteristics, but lacking in resistance to a potent disease or insect pest, may be combined with a closely related resistant species to produce a hybrid including all the desirable characteristics. A species desirable for a certain region from a forestry standpoint but lacking in winter or summer hardiness may be combined with a hardy species to produce a hybrid adaptable to the region.

28. P. trichocarpa X P. deltoides = Hybrid Poplars (TD variety)

29. PROBLEM PECULIAR TO TREE BREEDING AND IMPROVEMENT Time-Require many year to produce the desired traits like volume wood maturity ,resin etc. they take years to bear flower and seed Necessity of seed - Needs to be concerned with seed production and effort to experiment on the stimulation of flowering and fruiting Scarcity of basic genetic information about trees

30. CONCLUSIONS Tree breeding helps in mass production of seedlings for achieving higher productivity of timber and wood products. Both conventional and modern techniques have been used for tree breeding in global and Indian level. It assists in supplying large quantities of timber and wood for growing enormous demand of wood market across the world including India. Since modern tree breeding techniques are advancing each day, it has a great potentiality to supply large biomass demand of the world including India.

31. Plant a Tree, plant a new life…. Take care of trees. They take care of you thank you