trematodes and cestods STRUCTURAL FEATURES C

structural features of trematodes and cestodes

1. Cestodes Trematodes Structural features and functions Trematodes of Cestodes aswin ks 23msmb11

2. introduction Cestodes (tapeworms) and Trematodes (flukes) are parasitic flatworms belonging to the phylum Platyhelminthes . they cause a range of diseases in humans and animals, often transmitted through contaminated food, water, or intermediate hosts. Cestodes ( Tapeworms ): Long, flat, ribbon-like parasites that inhabit the intestines of their hosts. They lack a digestive system and absorb nutrients directly through their body surface (tegument). Trematodes ( Flukes ): Leaf-shaped parasites that infect various organs such as the liver, lungs, and blood vessels. They possess a simple digestive system and use suckers for attachment and feeding.

3. Structural Features of Cestodes (Tapeworms) Body Structure : Long, flat, ribbon-like bodies composed of multiple segments called proglottids Scolex: The scolex is a specialized attachment organ at the head of the tapeworm. It contains hooks and suckers that allow the parasite to anchor itself to the intestinal wall of its host. Absence of Digestive System : Instead, they absorb nutrients directly through their outer covering, the tegument Hermaphroditic : Each proglottid contains both male and female reproductive organs, allowing tapeworms to self-fertilize and produce vast numbers of eggs

4. Structural Anatomy of Cestodes

5. rostellum , hookz and suckers proglottid oncospheres

6. Lifecycle and Function of Cestodes (Tapeworms)

7. Body Structure : Flat, leaf-shaped, unsegmented bodies suited for moving through host tissues. Suckers : Equipped with an oral sucker for feeding and a ventral sucker for attachment to host organs. Digestive System : Simple, with a mouth, pharynx, and blind gut (no anus), so waste exits through the same opening. Reproduction : Mostly hermaphroditic, containing both male and female organs; some species are dioecious, with separate male and female worms. Structural Features of Trematodes (Flukes)

8. Structural Anatomy of Trematodes

9. Lifecycle and Function of Trematodes (Flukes)

10. cercariae different types of cysts, eggs, and developmental stages in trematodes miracidia Metacercaria (Cyst)

11. Pathogenesis of Cestodes Examples: Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), Echinococcus (causes hydatid disease). Effects on host: Malnutrition, intestinal obstruction, cyst formation in tissues. Human infection: Ingestion of undercooked meat or contaminated water. Pathogenesis of Trematodes Examples: Schistosoma (causes schistosomiasis), Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke). Effects on host: Liver damage, blood vessel blockage, inflammation. Human infection: Contact with contaminated water or ingestion of infected plants.

12. Diagnosis and Treatment Cestodes (Tapeworms) Diagnosis: Identification of eggs or proglottids in stool samples. Treatment: Antiparasitics, such as praziquantel, to expel the tapeworm. Trematodes (Flukes) Diagnosis: Detection of eggs in stool or urine; serological tests. Treatment: Praziquantel for effective treatment of fluke infections.

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