Triacontanol by vivekananda behera

Triacontanol is now being used a Plant growth regulator.

1. TRIACONTANOL A NEW WORLD NATURAL PGR BY VIVEKANANDA BEHERA

2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from many people and I am extremely privileged to have got this all along the completion of my project. All that I have done is only due to such supervision and assistance and I would not forget to thank them. I respect and thank Dr DEBASIS PANDA, for providing me an opportunity to do the assignment work in ‘TRIACONTANOL AS PGR’ and giving us all support and guidance which made me complete the project duly. I am extremely thankful to him for providing such a nice support and guidance, although he had busy schedule managing the academic affairs.   Thank you  

3. What is triacontanol? 1-Triacontanol is a fatty alcohol of the general formula CHO or   C 30 H 62 O Also known as melissyl alcohol or myricyl alcohol. It is found in plant cuticle waxes (Rice) and in beeswax. Triacontanol is a growth stimulant for many plants, most notably roses, in which it rapidly increases the number of basal breaks.

4. Chemical composition and characteristics 1- triacontanol , n- triacontanol common alternative names: myricyl alcohol, melissyl alcohol, tria-contanol . C30H62O Molecular Weight: 438.82 Melting point : 80-83oC 90% pure. White powder, stable in light, air, alkali. For prolonged storage keep at 2-8 degC . Low toxicity, safe to humans and animals. No phytotoxicity at standard application rates Not soluble in water.

5. HISTORY The plant growth regulatory activity of triacontanol (TRIA) was first discovered by Ries et al. (1977) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Mandava (1979)- TRIA is a secondary plant growth substance and cannot be considered as a phytohormone. Such types of growth regulators enhance the physiological efficiency of the cells and, thus, exploit the plant genetic potential to a large extent. Many researchers have reported the positive role of TRIA in enhancing growth, yield, photosynthesis , nitrogen fixation, enzymes activities, free aminoacids , reducing sugars, and soluble protein of plants ( Ries 1991; Ries Et al.)

6. FORMULATIOS AVAILABLE AS PGR Triacontanol is available as dry powder- triacontanol Mixed up in solution for adding to fertiliZer as Triaboost . It is also available as a foliage spray Triaboost Spray

7. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

8. HOW TO STORE AND USE TRIACONTANOL Store in a cool dry dark place in a leak proof container . Triacontanol is stored in the dark in a refrigerator at 2-8deg C. Foil cover the tube if necessary to eliminate light. Use triacontanol solution soon after mixing and preferably use within a few days.

9. Mixing the chemical Triacontanol to use . As a dilution example: How to make a 25ppm Triacontanol solution for spraying foliage. 25ppm is equivalent to 25mg/1000ml (1.0litre). Weigh 25mg triacontanol powder Dissolve powder in a small volume of alcohol. 5-10ml. The solution may need slight heating to improve solubility. Take care with flammable liquids! Alternatively dissolve in 1-2ml of Polysorbate20. Polysorbate solutions do not require heating. Using a pyrex test tube makes this very easy. Measure 1000ml (1.0litre) of good quality water and to this add the freshly mixed solution. Shake or stir.

10. SPRAYING Use an inexpensive hand sprayer to spray your plants with. It is best to shake before each spraying. Aim for coating the upper surface of the plant leaves thoroughly, Spray enough to allow drip down from the leaves. Spray stems and shoots also. Do not spray during bright sunshine. Aim to spray at the beginning of the day, when plants are starting to grow. Do not allow leaves to remain wet overnight.

11. Physiological activity of TRIA at low concentrations The low concentrations of TRIA is biologically active . Because plants are sensitive to its extremely low doses. TRIA is active at concentrations as low as 10 micro g/L when applied either to shoots or roots of a crop. There are possibilities that impurities in TRIA might inhibit the physiological effect of TRIA at higher levels .

12. MODE OF ACTION

13. MODE OF ACTION TRIA elicited the formation or release of L(+)-adenosine in the root tissue of rice seedlings within 1 min of application to the shoots Assumption of a cascade effect led to the identification of 9-b-L (+)-adenosine as a second messenger (TRIM)of TRIA ( Ries 1991; Ries et al. TRIA rapidly increases the ratio of L(+)- to D(-)-adenosine, probably at the tonoplast. An increase in L(+)-adenosine could be the result of the action of a specific enzyme on L(+)-AMP or L(+)-ADP or L(+)-ATP. The study suggested that L(+)-adenosine triggered a rapidly transmitted signal within whole plants that resulted in a transient increase in apoplastic ion concentration within stem tissue ( Ries et al.1993).

14. MODE OF ACTION Various metabolic enzymes are secreted and metabolic activities of the plant increases Synthesis and accumulation of large number of secondary and intermediary products Greater dry weight and growth

15. RESPONSE OF PLANTS TO TRIA Growth attributes Enhanced the growth and yield of vegetables , cereal crops, most of the major annual vegetables, agronomic and horticultural crops as well as forest species Physiological and biochemical attributes Regulate directly or indirectly several physiological and biochemical processes like ion mobilisation , ATPase activity , NADPH activity , increased photo synthesis by RUBISCO activity

16. Yield and quality attributes TRIA showed a significant increase in yield on several crops including dry beans, sweet corn, and cucumbers Active constituents of plants significant increase in capsule number and morphine content, the content of reducing sugars, amino acids, and soluble protein . Role of TRIA under abiotic stresses Application of TRIA increased 14 CO 2 fixation, enzyme activities, synthesis of chl a , chl b , carotenoids, starch, and sugars in E. variegata seedlings under flooded and acid mist conditions as well as under salt and cadmium stressed conditions

17. EFFECT ON YIELD

18. EFFECT ON YIELD OF VARIOUS CROPS

19. Plant growth regulator Triacontanol used on plants Used on a wide range of food crops worldwide in fields and glasshouses to grow tomatoes, cucumbers and melons. Widespread use in horticulture in Europe, USA, Canada, Africa, Asia, Australia and South America.

20. EFFECTS ON PLANTS Increase plant or crop yield. Enhance photosynthesis and plant metabolism. Induce the production of flower buds and flowering. Allow the production of bigger leaves, and bigger root system. Increase cell growth in roots, and used to produce thicker foliage and flowers. Production of robust plants more resistant to disease and pathogens. Increase basal branching of rosette plants, and allow more basal breaks. Improve establishment and growth of young plants produced from cuttings, seed or plugs. Used to help plants suffering nutrient and growth deficiencies

21. EFFECT ON PLANT GROWTH

22. Plant growth regulator Triacontanol used in-vitro Improve in-vitro shoot production, axillary branching and root growth in micropropagation. Improve aseptic orchid seedling production aerial and root growth. Produce more robust in-vitro seedling plants better adapted to establishment out of flask and reduce losses.

23. BENEFITS OF ITS USE Triacontanol can affect growth by its effect on photosynthesis, plant metabolism, and can increase the growth of roots, shoots and flower production. Low toxicity, safe to humans and animals. No phytotoxicity at standard application rates Can be used safely on fruit, vegetables, and leaf crops. Products are safe to eat, crop and harvest after plant treatments at recommended concentrations. Natural organic product. Breaks down naturally as plants grow.

24. CONCLUSION TRIA applied at nanomolar concentrations Improves the plant growth and physiological activities in diverse groups of plants. Foliar application of TRIA has been proved to be a successful technique to improve the growth, yield, and quality of various crops, including vegetables, horticultural crops, and medicinal and aromatic plants. TRIA-mediated increase in dry matter leads to increased biosynthesis of secondary plant products as well, including essential oil and active constituents of medicinal and aromatic plants. However, further studies are required to reveal the possible role of TRIA on the regulation of plant growth and metabolism in terms of regulation of gene expression.

25. THANK YOU