Tribes in India in old time

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3. TheApatanisaresettledinthelowerSubansiridistrictof
Arunachalandareoneofthemostadvancingtribesofthestate.
Therearenoliterarysourcesregardingtheoriginandmigration
oftheApatanisandthearchaeologicalevidencesaretoo
meagretothrowhowever,theApatanishavepreserveddifferent
mythsandtraditions,whichthrowwelcomelightonallaspectsof
theirlifeincludingtheiroriginandmigration.

4. Abujmaria
These Indian tribes can be seen in the
mountain regions of Madhya Pradesh.
These tribes of India have a very deep
history. In the earlier period Abujmaria
tribes were known as
Abudjamadis, Abujmariya and Hill Maria.
These Indian tribes were considered as a
sub part of the important gonds tribes
(discussed earlier) who played a pivotal
role in knowing the original Indian tribes.
These tribes of India are generally found
in AbujhmarMountains and
KutrumarHillsin the Bastardistrict of
Madhya Pradesh.Theygenerally speak
the Dravidian form of
language, Abujmaria beinthe native
language of these tribes of India.

5. The Adivasi Girasia of India
The Adiwasi Girasia, inhabits the Banaskanthaand
Sabarkanthadistricts of northern Gujarat State of
western central India.TheAdiwasi Girasia are the
descendants of the Rajputwho married Bhil women.
During the thirteenth century, many poor Rajputfled to
the Vindhya and Aravallihills where they mixed with the
Bhil settlers
What are their beliefs?
Sixty percent of the Adiwasi practice ethnic religions, and 30% are
Hindus. The latter respect cows, worship the millions of Hindu gods, and
also believe in many spirits. They all have a strong fear of ghosts, spirits
of the dead, and black magic.
What are their lives like?
Among the Adiwasi Girasia, the average land holding is small and
therefore, the man of the household is able to do all of the work himself.
Their strong sense of community often leads to an exchange of field labor
among themselves. Maize is the staple food grown by all families. Many
also depend on forest produce as a means of support. The people are
generally vegetarians and are no longer addicted to alcohol like other Bhil
tribes.

6. Adiyan
Population: 9690
Adiyan -The wordAdiyanmeans “slave.
” in Malayalam. The Adiyansare found in
the them are agricultural labourers. It is
believed that they were agrWayanadand
Kannurdistricts of Kerala. Most of
iculturalslaves in the past. During the
annual festival at the Valliyurkkavutemple
in Mananthavady, Wayand, the Adiyar
people used to gather where they were
sold and bought by landlords.

7. Ahir
Place /Location (then and
now)
Bihar, Madhya Pradesh,
Uttar Pradesh & Bengal
Population
750,000
Languages spoken
Hindi
Religion/God
Lord Krishna
Food
Rice, wheat , millet, mutton,
chicken, fish & eggs


8. These tribes are found mainly
in the Andaman
Islands, Arunachal Pradesh
and also in parts of Assam.
The Aka people are so named
for a black, sticky paint they
use on their faces.They used
to speakAka(now an extinct
language) on the Andaman
Islands andAka Lel, a dialect
ofNisi, in Assam.The Aka
people in Assam celebrate
the Nechido Festival every
year on the first day of
November.
Aka

9. Alar is a tribal community settled in
the regions ofPalakkad
District,Kerala. They are also
known by different names such as
Chathansand Chatans. The Alar
andMalayalamare the two
languages spoken by them.Alars
perform theChatthankali, a dance
form prevalent in many areas
ofPonnaniandTirurinMalappura
mDistrict. The dance is performed
in the attire of a village deity, with
the accompaniment of percussion
instruments.
Alar Tribe

10. Amri Karib
The Karbisare the principal tribal
community in theKarbiAnglongdistrict
ofAssam, a district administered as
per the provisions of the Sixth
Schedule of the Constitution of
India, having an autonomous district of
their own since 17 November
1951.
[3]
Besides KarbiAnglong
district, the Karbi-inhabited areas
includeDimaHasao,Kamrup,Marigaon
district,Nagaon,Golaghat,Karimganja
ndSonitpurdistricts ofAssam; Balijan
circle ofPapumparedistrict
inArunachal Pradesh,JaintiaHills,Ri
BhoiandEast KhasiHillsdistricts
inMeghalaya, andDimapur
DistrictinNagaland. Apart from
Assam, the Karbisare also recognised
as Scheduled Tribes in
Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland.
With a population of around 4 lakhs 6
thousand (406,000) .

11. The Anal live in the Manipur
region of north-east India,
which is surrounded by
theImphalvalleyto the
north,Churachandpurto the
west, theChin Hillstothe
south andKabawvalleyto
the east. The area is very
hilly, with thick jungles and
many wild
animals.According to the
2001 census, there are
approximately 21,242 Anal in
Manipur.In 1981 they were
living in 45 villages.
Analtribe

12. Angami tribe
The AngamiNagasare hill people
depending basically on cultivation and
livestock-rearing. The Angamisare
known forterraced wet-rice cultivation;
because of this labor-intensive
cultivation, land is the most important
form of property among the Angamis.
Angamisare one of the only two groups
ofNagasout of the seventeen who
practice wet-rice cultivation on terraces
made on the hill slopes. This allows them
to cultivate the same plot year after year.
They depend, to a very small extent, on
slash-and-burn cultivation. Angamiswere
traditionally warriors, the Angamimen
spent majority of their time in warfare
with hostile villages andtaking heads.
Since 1879, when theBritishsucceeded
in annexing their territory.

13. Ahom tribe
TheAhom people ofAssamare the
descendants of the ethnicTai
peoplethat accompanied the Tai
princeSukaphaainto
theBrahmaputravalley in 1228 and
ruled the area for six centuries.
Sukaphaaand his followers established
theAhom kingdom(1228-1826) and
theAhom dynastyruled and expanded
the kingdom until the British gained
control of the region through theTreaty
of Yandaboupon winning theFirst
Anglo-Burmese Warin 1826. The
kingdom established by the Ahom
people gave Assam its name.

14. Bakarwals tribe
Bakarwal(orBakharwal) is
anomadictribe based in thePir
PanjalandHimalayanmountains
ofSouth Asia. They are
mainlygoatherdsandshepherds. They
are called asDhangarin rest of India.
Bakarwals are spread throughout the northern part of
the Himalayan Range. This includes the states
ofUttarakhand,Himachal Pradesh,Punjab
(India)inIndia. InPakistan, Bakarwals are found in the
hilly northern parts ofPunjab (Pakistan)as well as parts
of theNorth West Frontier Province.InJammu and
Kashmirin India, Bakarwals are found in all three
regions of the state including Jammu (comprising the
districts
ofJammu,Kathua,Udhampur,Poonch,RajouriandDist
rict), the Kashmir Valley (comprising the diatrict
ofSrinagar,Baramulla,Kupwara,Pulwama,Budgaman
dAnantnag) andLadakh(comprising the district
ofLadakhandKargil).In Pakistan, Bakarwals inhabit
theNorthern Areas(Gilgit, theHunza
ValleyandBaltistan) andAzad Kashmir.

15. Banjaras tribe
TheBanjaraare a class of usually
described as nomadic people from
the Indian state of Rajasthan, North-
West Gujarat, and Western Madhya
Pradesh and Eastern Sindhprovince
of pre-independence Pakistan. They
claim to belong to the clan of
AgnivanshiRajputs, and are also
known as LakhaBanjarameans
'Lakhapati',Banjari, Pindari, Bangal
a, Banjori, Banjuri, Brinjari, Lamani,
Lamadi, Lambani, Labhani, Lambara
, Lavani, Lemadi, Lumadale, Labhani
Muka, Goola, Gurmarti, Gormati, Kor
a, Sugali, Sukali, Tanda, Vanjari, Van
zara, and Wanji. Together with
theDomba, they are sometimes
called the "gypsies of India".
[2]

16. Bhils tribe
The Bhils are considered as the third
largest and most widely distributed
tribal groupsin India. The name "Bhil"
was probably derived from the
wordvilluorbillu, which in most
Dravidian languages is the word for
"bow." The bow has long been a
characteristic weapon of the Bhil
because the tribesmen always carry their
bows and arrows with them. The Bhil
tribes inhabit some of the most remote
and inaccessible areas of India.There are
two divisions of Bhils: the Central or
"pure" Bhils, and the Eastern or Rajput
Bhils. The Central Bhils live in the
mountain regions in the states of
Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan.
They are known as the connecting link
between the Gujaratisand the
Rajasthanisand are one of the largest
tribal communities of India. They
speakBhili, which is an Indo-Aryan
language. The Bhils are known to have

17. Cheros tribe
TheCheroarescheduled caste, found in the
states ofUttar PradeshandBihar, inNorth
India.
[2]
The community claims to have originally
beenChandravanshiRajputs. Other members of
the tribe claim to beNagvanshi. The Cheroare
essentially one of many tribal communities,
such as theBharandKol, that inhabit the
southeasterncorner ofUttar Pradesh. They were
the traditional rulers of northBihar, until they
were disposed by theRajputs. They are now
found in a territory extending fromAllahabadin
the west, andMuzaffarpurin the east. The
Cherohave two sub-divisions, the Mahtoand
Chaudhary.
[3]

18. Gaddi tribe
TheGaddiare a tribe living mainly in
the Indian states ofHimachal
PradeshandJammu and Kashmir.
As of 2001, the Gaddi were
classified as aScheduled
Tribeunder theIndian
government's reservation
programofpositive
discrimination. This classification
applied through Jammu and
Kashmir and in certain parts of
Himachal Pradesh.

19. Gond tribe
TheGondi(Gōndi) orGondpeople
are people in central India, spread
over the states ofMadhya
Pradesh, easternMaharashtra(Vid
arbha),Chhattisgarh, northernAnd
hra Pradesh, andWestern Odisha.
With over four million people, they
are the largesttribein Central
India.
[2]
Gondor Rajgondare same tribes.
The term Raj Gondwas widely
used in 1950s, but has now become
almost obsolete, probably because
of the political eclipse of the Gond
Rajas.
[3]
TheGondi languageis related
toTeluguand otherDravidian
languages. About half of Gonds
speak Gondi languages,
[4]
while the
rest speakIndo-Aryan
languagesincludingHindi.

20. Naga tribe
The termNaga peoplerefers to a
conglomeration ofseveral
tribesinhabiting the North Eastern part
ofIndiaand north-westernBurma. The
tribes have similar cultures and
traditions, and form the majority ethnic
group in theIndian
statesofNagaland,Manipur,Arunachal
PradeshandAssam, as well
asMyanmar. Out of the numerous
unique identities of the Nagas, the most
unique traditional items that can be
found in almost all of the Naga tribes
and that distinctly separate Nagasfrom
the other tribalsare the Conical red
headgear decorated with wild-boar
canine teeth and white-black Hornbill
feathers, the spear with the shaft
decorated with red-black hairs and the
unique Dao with broad blade and long
handle.

21. Santhals tribe
A step forward, in our Indian tribal tour
takes us to Santhal tribe. With a
population of more than 49000, Santhal
tribes are the third largest tribes in
India. Belonging to pre Aryan
period, these tribes of India are found
in regions of West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa
and Jharkhand. Many call them as “ the
tribes
at extreme”, a visit to their place will
surly get your moneys worth.
Santhal Tribesof India take pride in
their past. Historically, these Indian
tribes were at front end against
Britishers, and their heroics against
Lord Cornwallis are well known. Many
famous personalities such
as Sidhuand Baba TilkaMajhiwere
part of these enthusiastic tribes of
India.

22. Munda tribe
TheMundaaretribal (Adivasi)people
of theChotaNagpur Plateauregion.
They are found across, and into parts
ofBangladesh. Their language
isMundari, which belongs to theMunda
subgroupof theAustroasiaticlanguage
family.
There are estimated to be two million
Munda people.

23. Kolis tribe
TheKolipeopleare historically an
ethnic group native
toRajasthan,Himachal
Pradesh,Gujarat,Maharashtra,Utt
ar PradeshandHaryanastates.
The Kolis of Gujarat intermixed
withRajputsdue to the practice
ofhypergamousmarriage,whichwas
commonly used to enhance or secure
social status as, for example, with
theNairsandNambudiriBrahminsofKe
-rala.SomeKolis had also once held
smallprincedomsbefore theBritish
Rajperiod and some were still
significant landholders and tenants in
the twentieth century.However, most
Kolis had lost their once-equal standing
with thePatidarcommunity due to the
land reforms of the Raj periodand, for
example, most Kolis in theSurashtra
regionof Gujarat were still occupied as
agricultural labourers or tenant
cultivators in the 1990s.

24. Koragas tribe
TheKoragasare a tribal community
found mainly in theDakshina
Kannada,Udupidistricts
ofKarnatakaand theKasaragod
districtofKerala, south India. These
areas in Karnataka, are altogether
often referred to asTulu Nadu.They
are also found in small numbers in
adjoining districts ofUttara-
Kannada,ShimogaandKodagu.The
Koragaare classified by the
Government of India as aScheduled
Tribe.
The Koraga, who numbered 16,071
according to the 2001 census of
India,havetheir
ownlanguage, classified as an
independentdravidian
language,whichis strongly
influenced
byKannada,MalayalamandTululan
guages commonly found in their
area.

25. Maravars tribe
Maravarare aTamilcommunity of the state
ofTamil Nadu, southern India, and are one of the
three branches of
theMukkulathorconfederacy.Maravarsare found
predominantly in the Southern districts of Tamil
Nadu, such as Madurai, Theni, Sivagangai,
Ramanathapuram, Dindigul, Virudhunagar,
Thirunelveli, Thoothukudiand districts of Tamil
Nadu. They are also found in central districts of
Tamil Nadu like Pudukottai, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur,
Nagapattinamand Tiruchy. They ruled portions of
Tamil Nadu along with the Kallars. The Southern
martial arts of Kalarippayattu, Silambam, Varma
Kalaihave been practiced primarily by Kallars,
Maravars and Nairsof erstwhile Travancore
areas.
[1]
In British times,
theRamnadandSivagangaestates were