Tromboembolismo Pulmonar Manejo y Tratamiento.pptx

GisselMo 0 views 38 slides Oct 07, 2025
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About This Presentation

Tombroembolismo Pulmonar manejo y tratamiento.


Slide Content

Tromboembolismo Pulmonar Presentada por: Tte. Nav. SSN MCN Gissel Vela Morales

INTRODUCCIÓN Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

DEFINICIÓN Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Se define como la oclusión total o parcial de la circulación pulmonar, ocasionada por un coágulo sanguíneo proveniente de la circulación venosa sistémica, incluidas las cavidades derechas y que, dependiendo de su magnitud, puede o no originar sintomas. La embolia pulmonar (EP) se refiere a la obstrucción de la arteria pulmonar o una de sus ramas por material (p. ej., trombo, tumor, aire o grasa) que se originó en otra parte del cuerpo.

EPIDEMIOLOGÍA En el Mundo 39-115 por cada 100,000 habitantes En Estados Unidos 50, 000 y 300, 000 muertes anual En Europa 300, 000 muertes anuales En México 15 – 18% TEP Masiva hasta 70% manera inadvertida. Elevado índice de mortalidad Históricamente 18- 30% Actualmnente 1 y 3 % Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

FISIOPATOLOGÍA Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). TROMBOSIS

FISIOPATOLOGÍA Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

FACTORES PREDISPONENTES Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

FISIOPATOLOGÍA Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). INFARTO PULMONAR INTERCAMBIO GASEOSO ANORMAL COMPROMISO CARDIOVASCULAR

FISIOPATOLOGÍA Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). ARTERIAS PULMONARES -Sangre desoxigenada ARTERIAS BRONQUIALES Sangre oxigenada VENTRICULO DERECHO NO >40 mmHg ARTERIAS BRONQUIALES VI las paredes bronquiales la pleura visceral el parénquima pulmonar

FISIOPATOLOGÍA Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). INTERCAMBIO GASEOSO ANORMAL

FISIOPATOLOGÍA Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

FISIOPATOLOGÍA Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). COMPROMISO CARDIOVASCULAR AUMENTA POSCARGA

MANIFESTACIONES CLÍNICAS Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

MANIFESTACIONES CLÍNICAS Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Inestabilidad hemodinámica indica TEP extensa con reserva hemodinámica muy reducida. En algunos casos asintomático. Hipoxemia frecuente (40% normal) e Hipocapnia. Rx tórax anormal, hallazgos inespecíficos. EKG taquicardia sinusal (40%), S1Q3T3, bloqueo rama derecha, etc.

ELECTROCARDOGRAMA Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). - Patrón S1Q3T3 Bloqueo incompleto o completo de rama derecha Inversión de Ondas T V1-V4 Desviación del eje a la derecha. Ondas S en la derivación I Ondas Q en la derivación III T invertida Ondas en la derivación III

DIAGNÓSTICO Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Una estrategia óptima consiste en pensar en la tromboembolia pulmonar de acuerdo a los signos y síntomas de presentación.

CRITERIOS DE WELLS Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). 🩺 Desarrollados por: Dr. Philip Steven Wells 🔬 Especialidad: Hematología, trombosis y hemostasia 📅 Fecha de publicación inicial: 1997

DÍMERO D Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Dímero-D es un producto de la degradación de la fibrina que se genera como consecuencia de la activación del sistema fibrinolítico endógeno . VPN >95%

CRITERIOS YEARS Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). 🔬 Revista : The Lancet 📅 Fecha de publicación inicial: 2017 Obejtivo: Reducir Angio TAC

DÍMERO D Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

ANGIO-TAC Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

ANGIO-TAC Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Prob clínica baja o intermedia: VPN 96 VPP 60% Prob clínica intermedia: VPN 89%. VPP 92% Prob clínica alta: VPN 60%. VPP 96% Angio TAC es un criterio adecuado para excluir TEP en pacientes con probabilidad clínica baja o intermedia.

ANGIO-TAC Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

GAMAGRAFÍA V/Q Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Es un estudio nuclear en el que se usa un marcador radioactivo (Xenon 133 y gas kripton 81, tecnesio 99) para observar los pulmones.

GAMAGRAFÍA V/Q Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

ARTERIOGRAFÍA PULMONAR Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

ECOCARDIOGRAFÍA Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

RADIOGRAFÍA DE TÓRAX Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Anormal 76% y normal en 24%. Cardiomegalia 27% Derrame pleural 23% Elevación hemidiafragma 20% Signo de Fleishner 19% (aumento diámetro arteria pulmonar) Signo de Westermark (oligohemia regional) Joroba de Hampton (Opacidad periférica triangular) Atelectasias 18% Excluir neumonía, datos de atrapamiento aéreo.

DIAGNÓSTICO Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Troponinas (T) elevan infarto V.D (aumenta mortalidad) ultrasensible hasta 60% eleva. NT pro BNP >600pg/ml. Lactato >2mmol/l (desequilibrio entre demanda y aporte oxígeno). Cistacina Hiponatremia

ESCALA PESI Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

TRATAMIENTO Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Asistencia hemodinámica y respiratoria . * Administración de oxÍgeno y ventilación * Asistencia circulatoria hemodinámica y oxigenación. * Soporte vital avanzado en la parada cardiaca.

TRATAMIENTO Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Anticoagulación Todas las categorías de TEP Anticoagulantes orales no dependientes de vitamina K (Rivaroxabán, Apixaban) AVK (Warfarina, Acenocumarol, Fenprocumon) Heparina no fraccionada Heparina de bajo peso molecular (Enoxaparina 1mg/kg C/12 hrs sc) AVK debe ir al menos 5 días acompañado de anticoagulante parenteral hasta tener 2 mediciones consecutivas INR 2-3 NACO dosis elevadas inicialmente y luego de sostén Rivaroxaban 15mg cada 12 horas por 3 semanas, Apixaban 5mg cada 12 horas por 1 semana Rivaroxaban 20mg al día y apixaban 5mg al día por 3 meses al menos . Mayores de 80 años se prefiere 2.5mg apixaban cada 12 horas.

TRATAMIENTO Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Trombolísis sistemica

TRATAMIENTO Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Tratamiento percutaneo dirigido por catéter Catéter en las arterias femorales vía femoral. Éxito alcanza el 87%. Diferentes modalidades, fragmentación mecánica o por ultrasonidos. Ultrasonido se asoció con reducción del cociente VD/VI sin aumento hemorragia. Hemorragia 10%.

TRATAMIENTO Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Embolectomía quirúrgica Bypass cardiopulmonar. Sin pinzamiento transversal de la aorta ni parada cardiaca cardioplejica. Incisión de las 2 arterias pulmonares más importantes y retirada o succión del coagulo. 174.322 pacientes en NY 1999-2013 trombolisis vs embolectomía quirúrgica no hubo diferencias en mortalidad a los 30 días pero si con recurrencia e ictus siendo mayor en la trombolísis

Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

ALGORITMO MANEJO Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

GRACIAS POR SU ATENCIÓN (BORRAR) Westafer, L. M., Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. (2023). Managing pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS).
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