Trypanosoma

Lifecycle and mode of transmission of Trypanosoma,, its symptoms and treatment

1. trypanosoma Dr. T. RAMESH Assistant Professor of Zoology Vivekananda College

2. Contents

3. GENERAL FEATURES Unicellular & a cellular organisms; Phylum -Protozoa It has Flagellum- Locomotion; Class- Flagellate Digenic parasite- Primary Host-Tsetse fly Secondary Host- Man HABIT AND HABITAT FORDE, 1901 DISCOVERED ENDOPARASITE - Living in the blood of Human- HAEMO FLAGELLATE ONLY AT AFRICA Causes– Gambia Fever/Sleeping sickness

4. Body is covered with thin elastic membrane- Pellicle It has an flagella originated from Basal body- locomotion Body is filled with Cytoplasm Cytoplasm - Basal granule, Nucleus, Kinetoplast Undulating membrane helps to Swim in blood Disc like structure behind the basal body- Kinetoplast

5. KINETOPLAST mitochondrial DNA located near base of flagellum initially believed to function in movement

6. Nucleus Present at the Centre of animal Size large and oval covered by Nuclear membrane Filled with Nucleo plasma and It contains Chromosome and Nucleolus Nutrition Obtains its food from plasma- Osmosis Observes large quantity of glucose from blood plasma

7. Trypanosoma brucei complex A systemic protozoan disease, organisms grow in blood, lymph, CSF, and intercellular spaces

8. Vector: Glossina spp. - tsetse fly Name stems from sound made in flight; means “fly” in Tswana Order: Diptera (true flies) Hemataphagous - piercing/sucking fly (biting fly is really a misnomer) Holometabola – complete metamorphosis egg – larva (4) - pupa - adult Only found in sub- saharan Africa and isolated area of Arabian peninsula African trypanosomiasis : Epidemiology Tsetse Bite pain hypersensitivity

9. Reproduction Multiplies by longitudinal Binary fission Step I- Basal granule or Blepharoplast divided into two Step II- Kinetoplast become divided in to two Step III- Cytoplasm divided longitudinally and formed two daughter cells. A daughter received flagellum from original parent and other developed newly

10. SYMPTOMS OF GAMBIA FEVER Recurrent Fever Severe Head-ache Weakness Loss of Weight Anaemia The patients falls asleep Ultimate results is death if not treated

11. PREVENTION MEASURES Destruction of tse tse fly Spraying insecticides ( DDT ) in the areas of tse tse fly Suranin - 1 gm for every 2 or 3 months

12. Thank you