Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

1. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (African Tryponosomiasis ) Prepared by: NOE P. MENDEZ CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY (CMU) [email protected]

2. References: Murray, P.R., K.S. Rosenthal, G.S. Kobayashi and M.A. Pfaller . 2000. Chapter 76: Blood and Tissue Protozoa. Medical Microbiology. 4 th edition. Mosby Publishing. St. Louis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015. Parasites - African Trypanosomiasis (also known as Sleeping Sickness ). 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA. Retrieved from: http:// www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/biology.html Odero , R. 2015. African trypanosomiasis . Medscape. Retrieved from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228613-overview#a5

3. The Culprit! Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Kingdom: Protista Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Class : Zoomastigophora Order : Kinetplastida Family: Trypanosomatidae Genus: Trypanosoma Species: T. brucei Subspecies: T. b. gambiense

4. Life Cycle

5. The Vector Glossina palpalis , commonly known as Tsetse fly, is the carrier of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

6. Brief Description: The African trypanosomiasis is a deadly disease caused by the Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and trasnsmitted by the tsetse fly.

7. Causes A bite from an infected tsetse fly causes African trypanosomiasis . Blood transfusions are a rare cause of parasitic transmission. In rare cases, accidental transmission in the laboratory has been implicated.

8. Epidemiology Limited/distributed only to Central and West Africa

9. Symptoms Short term symptoms Long term symptoms Occasional Ulcer 1. Lethargy Fever 2. Tremors Myalgia 3.Meningoencephalitis Athralgia 4.Mental retardation Lymph Node Enlargement 5. General Deterioration Final Stages of the Disease Convulsions Hemiplegia Comatose State DEATH

10. Laboratory Diagnosis Thin and thick blood smears Centrifugation of heparized samples and anion-exchange chromatography Serologic test Immunofluorescence ELISA agglulation

11. Treatment, Prevention and Control Acute stages: Suramin Pentamidine Difluoromethylorithine Chronic Stages: 1. Melarsoprol 2. Tryparsamide with suramin 3. Difluoromethylorithine

12. Treatment, Prevention and Control Control Breeding Sites Insecticides Treatment of Human Cases